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Review

Overview of Existing Heat-Health Warning Systems in Europe

by
Ana Casanueva
1,2,*,
Annkatrin Burgstall
1,
Sven Kotlarski
1,
Alessandro Messeri
3,4,
Marco Morabito
3,5,
Andreas D. Flouris
6,
Lars Nybo
7,
Christoph Spirig
1 and
Cornelia Schwierz
1
1
Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, 8058 Zurich Airport, Switzerland
2
Meteorology Group, Dept. Applied Mathematics and Computer Sciences, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
3
Centre of Bioclimatology (CIBIC), University of Florence, 50144 Florence, Italy
4
Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, 50144 Florence, Italy
5
Institute of BioEconomy—National Research Council, 50019 Florence, Italy
6
FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
7
Department of Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, University of Copenhagen (NEXS), 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(15), 2657; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152657
Submission received: 28 June 2019 / Revised: 18 July 2019 / Accepted: 19 July 2019 / Published: 25 July 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Services, Weather Forecasts and Prevention of Human Thermal Stress)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

The frequency of extreme heat events, such as the summer of 2003 in Europe, and their corresponding consequences for human beings are expected to increase under a warmer climate. The joint collaboration of institutional agencies and multidisciplinary approaches is essential for a successful development of heat-health warning systems and action plans which can reduce the impacts of extreme heat on the population. The present work constitutes a state-of-the-art review of 16 European heat-health warning systems and heat-health action plans, based on the existing literature, web search (over the National Meteorological Services websites) and questionnaires. The aim of this study is to pave the way for future heat-health warning systems, such as the one currently under development in the framework of the Horizon 2020 HEAT-SHIELD project. Some aspects are highlighted among the variety of examined European warning systems. The meteorological variables that trigger the warnings should present a clear link with the impact under consideration and should be chosen depending on the purpose and target of the warnings. Setting long-term planning actions as well as pre-alert levels might prevent and reduce damages due to heat. Finally, education and communication are key elements of the success of a warning system.
Keywords: heat-health warning system; action plan; intervention strategy; user-tailored; heat stress heat-health warning system; action plan; intervention strategy; user-tailored; heat stress

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Casanueva, A.; Burgstall, A.; Kotlarski, S.; Messeri, A.; Morabito, M.; Flouris, A.D.; Nybo, L.; Spirig, C.; Schwierz, C. Overview of Existing Heat-Health Warning Systems in Europe. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 2657. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152657

AMA Style

Casanueva A, Burgstall A, Kotlarski S, Messeri A, Morabito M, Flouris AD, Nybo L, Spirig C, Schwierz C. Overview of Existing Heat-Health Warning Systems in Europe. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(15):2657. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152657

Chicago/Turabian Style

Casanueva, Ana, Annkatrin Burgstall, Sven Kotlarski, Alessandro Messeri, Marco Morabito, Andreas D. Flouris, Lars Nybo, Christoph Spirig, and Cornelia Schwierz. 2019. "Overview of Existing Heat-Health Warning Systems in Europe" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 15: 2657. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152657

APA Style

Casanueva, A., Burgstall, A., Kotlarski, S., Messeri, A., Morabito, M., Flouris, A. D., Nybo, L., Spirig, C., & Schwierz, C. (2019). Overview of Existing Heat-Health Warning Systems in Europe. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(15), 2657. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152657

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