Health Risk and Resilience Assessment with Respect to the Main Air Pollutants in Sichuan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Data and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data
2.2.1. Air Quality Data
2.2.2. Resilience Assessment Data
2.3. Methods
2.3.1. Health Risk Assessment of Main Air Pollutants
2.3.2. Health Resilience Assessment
2.3.3. Lorenz Curve and Gini Coefficient
3. Results
3.1. Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Six Criteria Air Pollutants
3.2. Health Risk Assessment of Chronic Exposure Across the Population
3.3. Health Resilience Assessment of Infants for the Risk Caused by PM2.5 and PM10
3.4. Spatial Inequality Analysis between Risk Caused by Air Pollutants and Hospital Density
4. Discussion
4.1. Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Air Pollutants
4.2. Health Risk Assessment of the Population
4.3. The Health Resilience Assessment and Spatial Inequality Analysis
4.4. Uncertainties and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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City | Abbreviation | City | Abbreviation | City | Abbreviation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aba | AB | Guangyuan | GY | Neijiang | NJ |
Bazhong | BZ | Leshan | LS | Panzhihua | PZH |
Chengdu | CD | Liangshan | LSH | Suining | SN |
Dazhou | DZ | Luzhou | LZ | Yaan | YA |
Deyang | DY | Meishan | MS | Yibin | YB |
Ganzi | GZ | Mianyang | MY | Ziyang | ZY |
Guangan | GA | Nanchong | NC | Zigong | ZG |
Indicators | Data Source | Resolution | Data Type | Time |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hospital | China: Yao Zhi Data | – | – | 2015 |
GDP | China: Resource and Environment Data Cloud Platform | 1 km × 1 km | Raster data | 2015 |
Roads | China: National Earth System Science Data Sharing Infrastructure | 1:250,000 | Vector data | 2016 |
Land use | China: Resource and Environment Data Cloud Platform | 1 km × 1 km | Raster data | 2015 |
NPP-VIIRS Night-time light | USA: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | 500 × 500 m | Raster data | 2015–2017 |
Air Pollutants | Annual Mean Concentration | Unit | |
---|---|---|---|
Grade I | Grade II | ||
PM2.5 | 15 | 35 | μg m−3 |
PM10 | 40 | 70 | μg m−3 |
SO2 | 20 | 60 | μg m−3 |
NO2 | 40 | 40 | μg m−3 |
Exposed Group | IR (m3 day−1) | ED (day) | BW (kg) | AT (day) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Infant | 6.8 | 1 × 350 | 11.3 | 1 × 365 |
Child | 13.5 | 12 × 350 | 45.3 | 12 × 365 |
Adult | 13.3 | 30 × 350 | 71.8 | 30 × 365 |
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Xiong, J.; Ye, C.; Zhou, T.; Cheng, W. Health Risk and Resilience Assessment with Respect to the Main Air Pollutants in Sichuan. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 2796. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152796
Xiong J, Ye C, Zhou T, Cheng W. Health Risk and Resilience Assessment with Respect to the Main Air Pollutants in Sichuan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(15):2796. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152796
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiong, Junnan, Chongchong Ye, Tiancai Zhou, and Weiming Cheng. 2019. "Health Risk and Resilience Assessment with Respect to the Main Air Pollutants in Sichuan" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 15: 2796. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152796