Antifungal Properties of Two Volatile Organic Compounds on Barley Pathogens and Introduction to Their Mechanism of Action
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Fungal Strains
2.2. Evaluation of the Effect of Five VOCs in Gas Phase on F. culmorum and C. sativus Growth Without Direct Contact
2.3. Evaluation of the Effect of Methylprop-2-Enoate and Methylpropanoate on F. culmorum and C. sativus Growth in Direct Contact
2.4. Evaluation of the Fungicidal/Fungistatic Effect of the Most Efficient VOCs on C. sativus and F. culmorum Growth
2.5. Evaluation of the Release of K+ Ions in the Extracellular Medium
2.6. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Evaluation of the Effect of Five VOCs on F. culmorum and C. sativus Growth
3.2. Evaluation of the Inhibitory Effect of the Most Efficient VOCs on Fungal Growth in Direct and Indirect Contact
3.2.1. Effect of Methyl Prop-2-Enoate and Methyl Propanoate in Direct Contact
3.2.2. Effect of Methyl Prop-2-Enoate and Methyl Propanoate in Indirect Contact
3.3. Effect of the VOC Concentrations on VOC Antifungal Ability
3.4. Evaluation of the Release of K+ Ions into the Extracellular Medium
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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A | ||||
VOCs | Fusarium culmorum | Cochliobolus sativus | ||
MP | MA | MP | MA | |
500 µM | - | -- | -- | -- |
- | -- | -- | -- | |
- | -- | -- | -- | |
1000 µM | - | -- | -- | -- |
- | --- | -- | -- | |
- | --- | -- | -- | |
Controls | + | + | + | + |
+ | + | + | + | |
+ | + | + | + | |
B | ||||
VOCs | Fusarium culmorum | Cochliobolus sativus | ||
MA | MP | MP | MA | |
500 µM | - | + | + | - |
- | + | + | - | |
- | + | + | - | |
1000 µM | - | + | + | - |
- | + | + | - | |
- | + | + | - |
Concentration | 0 h | 1 h | 2 h | 3 h | 4 h | 5 h |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 |
MA 100 µM | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 |
MA 500 µM | 400 | 400 | 400 | 700 | 700 | 700 |
MA 1000 µM | 400 | 400 | 400 | 700 | 700 | 1000 |
MP 100 µM | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 |
MP 500 µM | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 700 |
MP 1000 µM | 400 | 400 | 400 | 700 | 700 | 700 |
Concentration | 0 h | 1 h | 2 h | 3 h | 4 h | 5 h |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 |
MA 100 µM | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 700 |
MA 500 µM | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 1000 | 1000 |
MA 1000 µM | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 1000 | 1000 |
MP 100 µM | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 700 |
MP 500 µM | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 700 | 1000 |
MP 1000 µM | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 700 | 1000 |
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Kaddes, A.; Fauconnier, M.-L.; Sassi, K.; Nasraoui, B.; Jijakli, M.H. Antifungal Properties of Two Volatile Organic Compounds on Barley Pathogens and Introduction to Their Mechanism of Action. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 2866. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162866
Kaddes A, Fauconnier M-L, Sassi K, Nasraoui B, Jijakli MH. Antifungal Properties of Two Volatile Organic Compounds on Barley Pathogens and Introduction to Their Mechanism of Action. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(16):2866. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162866
Chicago/Turabian StyleKaddes, Amine, Marie-Laure Fauconnier, Khaled Sassi, Bouzid Nasraoui, and M. Haïssam Jijakli. 2019. "Antifungal Properties of Two Volatile Organic Compounds on Barley Pathogens and Introduction to Their Mechanism of Action" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 16: 2866. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162866
APA StyleKaddes, A., Fauconnier, M. -L., Sassi, K., Nasraoui, B., & Jijakli, M. H. (2019). Antifungal Properties of Two Volatile Organic Compounds on Barley Pathogens and Introduction to Their Mechanism of Action. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(16), 2866. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162866