Incidence and Risk Factors of Pre-Eclampsia in the Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital, Nepal: A Retrospective Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampling
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Data Analysis
2.4. Ethical Considerations
3. Results
3.1. Incidence Rate and Distribution of Factors Associated with Pre-Eclampsia
3.2. Risk Factors of Pre-Eclampsia
4. Discussion
4.1. Main Findings
4.2. Data Interpretation and Comparisons with Previous Findings
4.3. Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Independent Variables | Pre-Eclampsia n (%) | Bivariable Analysis | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes 85 (1.8) | No 4735 (98.2) | Crude Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval (CI) | p-Value | |
Age (years) | |||||
15–19 | 4 (4.7) | 610 (12.9) | 0.36 | 0.12–1.01 | 0.053 |
20–24 | 38 (44.7) | 2084 (44.0) | 1 | Reference | - |
25–29 | 18 (21.2) | 1353 (28.6) | 0.73 | 0.42–1.28 | 0.27 |
30–34 | 15 (17.6) | 518 (10.9) | 1.59 | 0.87–2.91 | 0.13 |
≥35 | 10 (11.8) | 170 (3.6) | 3.23 | 1.58–6.59 | 0.001 |
Parity | |||||
Primiparity | 55 (64.7) | 2661 (56.2) | 1.43 | 0.91–2.24 | 0.12 |
Multiparity | 30 (35.3) | 2074 (43.8) | 1 | Reference | - |
Gestational age | |||||
<37 weeks | 28 (32.9) | 466 (9.8) | 4.34 | 2.72–6.92 | 0.000 |
37–41 weeks | 54 (63.5) | 3903 (82.4) | 1 | Reference | - |
>41 weeks | 3 (3.5) | 366 (7.7) | 0.59 | 0.18–1.90 | 0.38 |
Iron and calcium supplements | 75 (88.2) | * 4518 (95.4) | 0.08 | 0.04–0.16 | 0.000 |
Twin pregnancy | 5 (5.9) | 29 (0.6) | 10.14 | 3.82–26.87 | 0.000 |
Maternal Diseases | |||||
Chronic Hypertension | 5 (5.9) | 15 (0.3) | 19.67 | 6.97–55.41 | 0.000 |
Urinary tract infection | 2 (2.4) | 15 (0.3) | 7.58 | 1.70–33.69 | 0.008 |
Gestational diabetes | 4 (4.7) | 13 (0.3) | 17.93 | 5.72–56.12 | 0.000 |
Hypothyroidism | 4 (4.7) | 39 (0.8) | 5.95 | 2.08–17.03 | 0.001 |
Sub-fertility treatment | 1 (1.2) | 14 (0.3) | 4.01 | 0.52–30.88 | 0.182 |
Asthma | 1 (1.2) | 9 (0.2) | 6.25 | 0.78–49.89 | 0.084 |
Age | Independent Variables | ||
---|---|---|---|
Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) | 95% Confidence Interval (CI) | p-Value | |
15–19 | 0.25 | 0.08–0.74 | 0.01 |
20–24 | 1 | Reference | - |
25–29 | 0.98 | 0.53–1.77 | 0.94 |
30–34 | 1.78 | 0.87–3.65 | 0.12 |
≥35 | 3.27 | 1.42–7.52 | 0.005 |
Parity | |||
Primiparity | 2.12 | 1.25–3.60 | 0.005 |
Multiparity | 1 | Reference | - |
Gestational age | |||
<37 weeks | 3.68 | 2.23–6.09 | 0.00 |
37–41 weeks | 1 | Reference | - |
>41 weeks | 0.72 | 0.22–2.32 | 0.58 |
Iron and calcium supplements | 0.062 | 0.03–0.14 | 0.00 |
Twins pregnancy | 8.49 | 2.92–24.7 | 0.00 |
Maternal Diseases | |||
Chronic hypertension | 13.6 | 4.45–41.8 | 0.00 |
Urinary tract infection | 6.89 | 1.28–37.0 | 0.02 |
Gestational diabetes | 11.8 | 3.20–43.4 | 0.00 |
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Das, S.; Das, R.; Bajracharya, R.; Baral, G.; Jabegu, B.; Odland, J.Ø.; Odland, M.L. Incidence and Risk Factors of Pre-Eclampsia in the Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital, Nepal: A Retrospective Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 3571. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193571
Das S, Das R, Bajracharya R, Baral G, Jabegu B, Odland JØ, Odland ML. Incidence and Risk Factors of Pre-Eclampsia in the Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital, Nepal: A Retrospective Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(19):3571. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193571
Chicago/Turabian StyleDas, Seema, Rupesh Das, Rashmita Bajracharya, Gehanath Baral, Bina Jabegu, Jon Øyvind Odland, and Maria Lisa Odland. 2019. "Incidence and Risk Factors of Pre-Eclampsia in the Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital, Nepal: A Retrospective Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 19: 3571. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193571