Associations among Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation, Physical Activity Facilities, and Physical Activity in Youth during the Transition from Childhood to Adolescence
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Physical Activity
2.2. Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation (SED)
2.3. Physical Activity Facilities
2.4. Student Characteristics
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Descriptives
3.2. Repeated Measure Linear Regression Results
3.3. Adjusted Least Square Means
3.4. Moderation
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Troiano, R.P.; Berrigan, D.; Dodd, K.W.; Mâsse, L.C.; Tilert, T.; McDowell, M. Physical activity in the United States measured by accelerometer. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2008, 40, 181–188. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Caspersen, C.J.; Pereira, M.A.; Curran, K.M. Changes in physical activity patterns in the United States, by sex and cross-sectional age. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2000, 32, 1601–1609. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Pate, R.R.; Dowda, M.; Dishman, R.K.; Colabianchi, N.; Saunders, R.P.; McIver, K.L. Change in children’s physical activity: Predictors in the transition from elementary to middle school. Am. J. Prev. Med. 2019, 56, e65–e73. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- ABauman, E.; Reis, R.S.; Sallis, J.F.; Wells, J.C.; Loos, R.J.; Martin, B.W. Correlates of physical activity: Why are some people physically active and others not? Lancet 2012, 380, 258–271. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sallis, J.F.; Prochaska, J.J.; Taylor, W.C. A review of correlates of physical activity of children and adolescents. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2000, 32, 963–975. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Sallis, J.F.; Taylor, W.C.; Dowda, M.; Freedson, P.S.; Pate, R.R. Correlates of vigorous physical activity for children in grades 1 through 12: Comparing parent-reported and objectively measured physical activity. Pediatr. Exerc. Sci. 2002, 14, 30–44. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sterdt, E.; Liersch, S.; Walter, U. Correlates of physical activity of children and adolescents: A systematic review of reviews. Health Educ. J. 2013, 73, 72–89. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Taylor, W.C.; Floyd, M.F.; Whitt-Glover, M.C.; Brooks, J. Environmental justice: A framework for collaboration between the public health and parks and recreation fields to study disparities in physical activity. J. Phys. Act. Health 2007, 4, S50–S63. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Alvarado, S.E. Delayed Disadvantage: Neighborhood Context and Child Development. Soc. Forces 2016, 94, 1847–1877. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Alvarado, S.E. Neighborhood disadvantage and obesity across childhood and adolescence: Evidence from the NLSY children and young adults cohort (1986–2010). Soc. Sci. Res. 2016, 57, 80–98. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gordon-Larsen, P.; Nelson, M.C.; Page, P.; Popkin, B.M. Inequality in the built environment underlies key health disparities in physical activity and obesity. Pediatrics 2006, 117, 417–424. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hills, A.P.; King, N.A.; Armstrong, T.P. The contribution of physical activity and sedentary behaviours to the growth and development of children and adolescents. Sports Med. 2007, 37, 533–545. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Colabianchi, N.; Griffin, J.; McIver, K.L.; Dowda, M.; Pate, R.R. Where are children active and does it matter for physical activity? A latent transition analysis. J. Phys. Act. Health 2016, 13, 1294–1300. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kneeshaw-Price, S.; Saelens, B.; Sallis, J.; Glanz, K.; Frank, L.; Kerr, J.; Hannon, P.; Grembowski, D.; Chan, K.C.G.; Cain, K. Children’s objective physical activity by location: Why the neighborhood matters. Pediatr. Exerc. Sci. 2013, 25, 468–486. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Roux, A.V.D.; Mair, C. Neighborhoods and health. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2010, 1186, 125–145. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Sallis, J.F.; Cervero, R.B.; Ascher, W.; Henderson, K.A.; Kraft, M.K.; Kerr, J. An ecological approach to creating active living communities. Annu. Rev. Public Health 2006, 27, 297–322. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Janssen, I.; Boyce, W.F.; Simpson, K.; Pickett, W. Influence of individual-and area-level measures of socioeconomic status on obesity, unhealthy eating, and physical inactivity in Canadian adolescents. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2006, 83, 139–145. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lee, R.E.; Cubbin, C. Neighborhood context and youth cardiovascular health behaviors. Am. J. Public Health 2002, 92, 428–436. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Voorhees, C.C.; Catellier, D.J.; Ashwood, J.S.; Cohen, D.A.; Rung, A.; Lytle, L.; Conway, T.L.; Dowda, M. Neighborhood socioeconomic status and non school physical activity and body mass index in adolescent girls. J. Phys. Act. Health 2009, 6, 731–740. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wardle, J.; Jarvis, M.J.; Steggles, N.; Sutton, S.; Williamson, S.; Farrimond, H.; Cartwright, M.; Simon, A.E. Socioeconomic disparities in cancer-risk behaviors in adolescence: Baseline results from the Health and Behaviour in Teenagers Study (HABITS). Prev. Med. 2003, 36, 721–730. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Boone-Heinonen, J.; Evenson, K.R.; Song, Y.; Gordon-Larsen, P. Built and socioeconomic environments: Patterning and associations with physical activity in US adolescents. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 2010, 7, 45. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Villanueva, R.; Albaladejo, R.; Astasio, P.; Ortega, P.; Santos, J.; Regidor, E. Socio-economic environment, area facilities and obesity and physical inactivity among children. Eur. J. Public Health 2015, 26, 267–271. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Biddle, S.; Atkin, A.; Cavill, N.; Foster, C. Correlates of physical activity in youth: A review of quantitative systematic reviews. Int. Rev. Sport Exerc. Psychol. 2011, 4, 25–49. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ding, D.; Sallis, J.F.; Kerr, J.; Lee, S.; Rosenberg, D.E. Neighborhood environment and physical activity among youth: A review. Am. J. Prev. Med. 2011, 41, 442–455. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ferreira, I.; van der Horst, K.; Wendel-Vos, W.; Kremers, S.; van Lenthe, F.J.; Brug, J. Environmental correlates of physical activity in youth–a review and update. Obes. Rev. 2007, 8, 129–154. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- McGrath, L.J.; Hopkins, W.G.; Hinckson, E.A. Associations of objectively measured built-environment attributes with youth moderate–vigorous physical activity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2015, 45, 841–865. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- de Meester, F.; van Dyck, D.; de Bourdeaudhuij, I.; Deforche, B.; Sallis, J.F.; Cardon, G. Active living neighborhoods: Is neighborhood walkability a key element for Belgian adolescents? BMC Public Health 2012, 12, 7. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pabayo, R.; Molnar, B.E.; Cradock, A.; Kawachi, I. The relationship between neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics and physical inactivity among adolescents living in Boston, Massachusetts. Am. J. Public Health 2014, 104, e142–e149. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Slater, S.J.; Ewing, R.; Powell, L.M.; Chaloupka, F.J.; Johnston, L.D.; O’Malley, P.M. The association between community physical activity settings and youth physical activity, obesity, and body mass index. J. Adolesc. Health 2010, 47, 496–503. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nelson, M.C.; Gordon-Larsen, P.; Song, Y.; Popkin, B.M. Built and social environments: Associations with adolescent overweight and activity. Am. J. Prev. Med. 2006, 31, 109–117. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ross, S.E.T.; Dowda, M.; Colabianchi, N.; Saunders, R.; Pate, R.R. After-school setting, physical activity, and sedentary behavior in 5th grade boys and girls. Health Place 2012, 18, 951–955. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Metcalf, B.S.; Curnow, J.S.; Evans, C.; Voss, L.D.; Wilkin, T.J. Technical reliability of the CSA activity monitor: The EarlyBird Study. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2002, 34, 1533–1537. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Puyau, M.R.; Adolph, A.L.; Vohra, F.A.; Butte, N.F. Validation and calibration of physical activity monitors in children. Obesity 2002, 10, 150–157. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Sasaki, J.E.; John, D.; Freedson, P.S. Validation and comparison of ActiGraph activity monitors. J. Sci. Med. Sport 2011, 14, 411–416. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Trost, S.G.; Ward, D.S.; Moorehead, S.M.; Watson, P.D.; Riner, W.; Burke, J.R. Validity of the computer science and applications (CSA) activity monitor in children. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 1998, 30, 629–633. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Freedson, P.; Pober, D.; Janz, K.F. Calibration of accelerometer output for children. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2005, 37, S523–S530. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dishman, R.K.; McIver, K.L.; Dowda, M.; Saunders, R.P.; Pate, R.R. Motivation and Behavioral Regulation of Physical Activity in Middle School Students. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2015, 47, 1913–1921. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Lian, M.; Struthers, J.; Liu, Y. Statistical Assessment of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation Environment in Spatial Epidemiologic Studies. Open J. Stat. 2016, 6, 436–442. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Torrieri, N. American Community Survey Design and Methodology; U.S. Census Bureau: Suitland-Silver Hill, MD, USA, 2014.
- Lee, R.E.; Booth, K.M.; Reese-Smith, J.Y.; Regan, G.; Howard, H.H. The Physical Activity Resource Assessment (PARA) instrument: Evaluating features, amenities and incivilities of physical activity resources in urban neighborhoods. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 2005, 2, 13. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Colabianchi, N.; Dowda, M.; Pfeiffer, K.A.; Porter, D.E.; Almeida, M.J.C.; Pate, R.R. Towards an understanding of salient neighborhood boundaries: Adolescent reports of an easy walking distance and convenient driving distance. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 2007, 4, 66. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kuczmarski, R.J.; Ogden, C.L.; Guo, S.S.; Grummer-Strawn, L.M.; Flegal, K.M.; Mei, Z.; Wei, R.; Curtin, L.R.; Roche, A.F.; Johnson, C.L. 2000 CDC Growth Charts for the United States: Methods and development. Vital Health Stat. 2002, 11, 1–190. [Google Scholar]
- Kahn, E.B.; Ramsey, L.T.; Brownson, R.C.; Heath, G.W.; Howze, E.H.; Powell, K.E.; Stone, E.J.; Rajab, M.W.; Corso, P. The effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activity: A systematic review. Am. J. Prev. Med. 2002, 22, 73–107. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Carroll-Scott, A.; Gilstad-Hayden, K.; Rosenthal, L.; Peters, S.M.; McCaslin, C.; Joyce, R.; Ickovics, J.R. Disentangling neighborhood contextual associations with child body mass index, diet, and physical activity: The role of built, socioeconomic, and social environments. Soc. Sci. Med. 2013, 95, 106–114. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Lau, E.Y.; Dowda, M.; McIver, K.L.; Pate, R.R. Changes in physical activity in the school, afterschool, and evening periods during the transition from elementary to middle school. J. Sch. Health 2017, 87, 531–537. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Domain | ACS Variables |
---|---|
Education | % of total population with less than a high school education |
Occupation | % of working class 1 |
% of civilian labor force unemployed | |
Housing conditions | % of household ownership |
% of vacant households | |
% of households with more than 1 person per room | |
% of households in poverty | |
% of female headed households with dependent children | |
% of households with income <$30,000 | |
% of households with public assistance | |
% of households with no car | |
% of households with no phone | |
% of households with incomplete plumbing | |
% of households with no kitchen | |
Income and poverty | Income disparity 2 |
% of population below the federal poverty line | |
Racial composition | % of population non-Hispanic African American |
% of population Hispanic | |
Residential stability | % of residents aged ≥65 years |
% of persons living in same residence for ≥5 years | |
% of foreign born |
Child Characteristics a | Total Sample (n = 660) | Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation, Quartiles b | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 (Affluence) (n = 152) | Q2 (n = 276) | Q3 (n = 156) | Q4 (Deprivation) (n = 76) | p-Value c | ||
Age (years) | 10.6 (0.5) | 10.7 (0.5) | 10.5 (0.5) | 10.5 (0.6) | 10.6 (0.6) | <0.01 |
Gender | ||||||
Male | 45.6% | 44.7% | 45.3% | 51.3% | 36.8% | 0.22 |
Female | 54.4% | 55.3% | 54.7% | 48.7% | 63.2% | |
Race/Ethnicity | ||||||
Non-Hispanic White | 38.3% | 55.9% | 42.4% | 24.4% | 17.0% | <0.0001 |
Non-Hispanic Black | 36.1% | 18.4% | 25.7% | 54.5% | 71.1% | |
Hispanic | 9.2% | 7.9% | 11.2% | 9.0% | 5.3% | |
Other | 16.4% | 17.8% | 20.7% | 12.1% | 6.6% | |
Parent Education | ||||||
≤High School Education | 42.9% | 33.6% | 43.1% | 46.8% | 52.6% | <0.05 |
>High School Education | 57.1% | 66.4% | 56.9% | 53.2% | 47.4% | |
Body Mass Index (BMI) | 21.2 (5.0) | 20.1 (4.4) | 20.9 (4.5) | 22.0 (5.5) | 23.2 (6.4) | <0.001 |
Weight Status | ||||||
Underweight/Normal Weight | 52.1% | 62.5% | 52.1% | 47.4% | 40.8% | <0.05 |
Overweight | 17.0% | 17.8% | 18.1% | 14.1% | 17.1% | |
Obese | 30.9% | 19.7% | 29.8% | 38.5% | 42.1% | |
Physical Activity (minutes/hour) | 28.4 (4.5) | 28.1 (4.3) | 28.0 (4.3) | 28.1 (4.9) | 29.6 (4.8) | 0.06 |
Neighborhood Characteristics | ||||||
Physical Activity Facilities d | 3.1 (6.0) | 2.1 (4.1) | 3.0 (6.2) | 2.3 (3.7) | 7.2 (9.5) | <0.001 |
Supportive | 58.8% | 69.7% | 60.9% | 62.2% | 22.4% | <0.001 |
Non-supportive | 41.2% | 30.3% | 39.1% | 37.8% | 77.6% |
Variable | Model 1. | Model 2. | Model 3. | Model 4. | Model 4. | Model 5. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β (SE) | β (SE) | β (SE) | β (SE) | β (SE) | β (SE) | |
Time | −4.51 (0.54) *** | −4.68 (0.54) *** | −4.45 (0.55) *** | −4.52 (0.54) *** | −4.69 (0.54) *** | −4.61 (0.54) *** |
SED | 0.21 (0.23) | 0.50 (0.28) † | 0.21 (0.24) | 0.05 (0.27) † | 0.79 (0.31) * | 0.66 (0.32) † |
PARA | −0.005 (0.02) | −0.005 (0.02) | 0.005 (0.03) | 0.002 (0.03) | 0.01 (0.03) | 0.001 (0.03) |
Time × SED | −0.59 (0.27) * | −0.58 (0.27) * | −0.31 (0.32) | |||
Time × PARA | −0.02 (0.03) | −0.01 (0.03) | −0.0002 (0.03) | |||
SED × PARA | −0.06 (0.03) * | −0.06 (0.27) * | −0.03 (0.32) * | |||
Time × SED × PARA | −0.06 (0.04) † | |||||
Model Fit Parameters | ||||||
-2 Log Likelihood | 7506.9 | 7502.3 | 7506.4 | 7502.0 | 7494.4 | 7494.6 |
AIC | 7536.9 | 7534.3 | 7538.4 | 7534.0 | 7531.4 | 7532.6 |
Time | Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation, Quartiles (Q) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 (Affluence) | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 (Deprivation) | |
5th Grade | 27.25 (0.49) a | 27.61 (0.39) | 27.63 (0.45) | 28.72 (0.62) a |
7th Grade | 22.94 (0.47) | 23.30 (0.36) | 22.92 (0.46) | 22.79 (0.61) |
Change in physical activity | –4.31 (0.56) * | –4.31 (0.52) * | –4.71 (0.57) * | –5.94 (0.69) * |
Physical Activity Facilities | Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation (SED), Quartiles | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 (Affluence) | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 (Deprivation) | |
Non-Supportive | ||||
5th grade | 27.81 (0.54) a | 27.70 (0.44) | 27.88 (0.54) | 28.42 (1.11) |
7th grade * | 22.90 (0.52) | 23.28 (0.42) | 23.27 (0.53) | 21.79 (1.11) |
Supportive | ||||
5th grade | 25.99 (0.72) a,b,c | 27.52 (0.51) b | 27.33 (0.62) | 28.83 (0.68) c |
7th grade * | 23.03 (0.70) | 23.35 (0.49) | 22.41 (0.64) | 23.08 (0.67) |
© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Clennin, M.N.; Lian, M.; Colabianchi, N.; Kaczynski, A.; Dowda, M.; Pate, R.R. Associations among Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation, Physical Activity Facilities, and Physical Activity in Youth during the Transition from Childhood to Adolescence. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 3703. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193703
Clennin MN, Lian M, Colabianchi N, Kaczynski A, Dowda M, Pate RR. Associations among Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation, Physical Activity Facilities, and Physical Activity in Youth during the Transition from Childhood to Adolescence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(19):3703. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193703
Chicago/Turabian StyleClennin, Morgan N., Min Lian, Natalie Colabianchi, Andrew Kaczynski, Marsha Dowda, and Russell R. Pate. 2019. "Associations among Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation, Physical Activity Facilities, and Physical Activity in Youth during the Transition from Childhood to Adolescence" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 19: 3703. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193703