Maternal Parenting Styles and Glycemic Control in Children with Type 1 Diabetes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample and Design
2.2. Measures
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Comparison of Parenting Styles Between Mothers with and Without Children with Diabetes
3.2. Relationships Between Mother’s Parenting Styles and Child’s Glycemic Control
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Diabetes Group 31 Girls, 32 Boys | Comparison Group 36 Girls, 47 Boys | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Range | Mean (SD) | Range | |
Child’s age (year) | 9.9 (0.3) | 9.3–10.6 | 9.8 (0.3) | 9.2–10.4 |
Mother’s education a | 4.3 (1.3) | 2–7 | 4.6 (1.4) | 2–7 |
Parenting Style | ||||
Affection | 4.3 (0.5) | 2.9–5.0 | 4.4 (0.4) | 3.3–5.0 |
Behavioral control | 3.8 (0.5) | 2.3–4.8 | 3.8 (0.5) | 2.4–5.0 |
Psychological control | 2.8 (0.6) | 1.3–4.5 | 2.5 (0.6) | 1.0–3.8 |
Age at diagnosis (year) | 2.9 (1.3) | 0.6–5.0 | - | |
Early A1C (mmol/mol) | 64 (10) | 46–91 | - | |
Current A1C (mmol/mol) | 67 (8) | 45–90 | - |
Variable | 1. | 2. | 3. | 4. | 5. | 6. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Affection | - | −0.05 | −0.41 * | 0.21 | 0.01 | 0.40 * |
2. Behavioral control | −0.02 | - | 0.32 | 0.18 | 0.23 | 0.02 |
3. Psychological control | 0.05 | 0.45 * | - | 0.25 | −0.05 | −0.26 |
4. Early A1C | 0.16 | 0.09 | 0.09 | - | 0.20 | 0.07 |
5. Current A1C | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.23 | 0.50* | - | 0.25 |
6. Mother’s education | 0.20 | 0.01 | 0.07 | -0.12 | −0.39* | - |
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Hannonen, R.; Aunola, K.; Eklund, K.; Ahonen, T. Maternal Parenting Styles and Glycemic Control in Children with Type 1 Diabetes. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 214. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020214
Hannonen R, Aunola K, Eklund K, Ahonen T. Maternal Parenting Styles and Glycemic Control in Children with Type 1 Diabetes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(2):214. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020214
Chicago/Turabian StyleHannonen, Riitta, Kaisa Aunola, Kenneth Eklund, and Timo Ahonen. 2019. "Maternal Parenting Styles and Glycemic Control in Children with Type 1 Diabetes" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 2: 214. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020214