Methods in Experimental Work Break Research: A Scoping Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Stage 1: Identifying the Research Question
2.2. Stage 2: Identifying Relevant Studies
2.3. Stage 3: Study Selection
2.4. Stage 4: Charting the Data
2.5. Stage 5: Collating, Summarizing, and Reporting the Results
3. Results
3.1. Self-Report Measures
3.1.1. Psychological Measures
3.1.2. Non-Psychological Measures
3.2. Performance Measures
3.2.1. Primary Tasks
3.2.2. Reference Tasks
3.3. Physiological Measures
3.3.1. Cardiac Functions
3.3.2. Brain Activity
3.3.3. Muscle Activity
3.3.4. Others
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Applied Measurement Methods | |||||||||||||
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Author | Year | Country | Site | Work/Task | Sample Size | Days | Time-on-Task | Object | Hypothesis | Theory/Model | SRM | PER | PHY |
Arrabito et al. [53] | 2011 | Canada | Lab | Mental | 98 | 1 | 40 min | Activity | no | no | yes | yes | |
Arrabito et al. [54] | 2015 | Canada | Lab | Mental | 150 | 1 | 40 min | Activity | yes | yes | yes | yes | |
Balci and Aghazadeh [55,56,57] | 2000 (2003, 2004) | USA | Lab | Mental | 10 | 1 | 120 min | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
Beynon and Reilly [58] | 2001 | UK | Lab | Physical | 10 | 2 | 240 min | Activity | yes | no | yes | yes | |
Beynon et al. [59] | 2000 | UK | Lab | Physical | 8 | 2 | full working day | Regimen | yes | no | yes | yes | |
Boucsein and Thum [5,60] | 1995 (1997) | Germany | Field | Mental | 11 | 2 | full working day | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | |
Brown et al. [51] | 2014 | UK | Field | Mental | 73 | 56 | full working day | Activity | yes | no | yes | yes | |
Byström et al. [61] | 1991 | Sweden | Lab | Physical | 8 | 1 | 3 min | Activity | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
Chaikumarn et al. [62] | 2018 | Thailand | Lab | Mental | 30 | 1 | 60 min | Activity | yes | no | yes | yes | |
Chakrabarty et al. [63] | 2016 | India | Field | Physical | 400 | 120 | 360 min | Regimen | yes | no | yes | ||
Chavaillaz et al. [64] | 2019 | Switzerland | Lab | Mental | 72 | 1 | 60 min | Regimen | yes | yes | yes | yes | |
Christensen et al. [65] | 2000 | Denmark | Field | Physical | 48 | 1 | full working day | Regimen | yes | no | yes | ||
Coburn et al. [66] | 2006 | Germany | Field | Physical | 30 | 2 | 450 min | Regimen | yes | no | yes | yes | |
Constable et al. [67] | 1994 | USA | Lab | Physical | 8 | 1 | 180 min | Activity | yes | no | yes | ||
Cordoza et al. [68] | 2018 | USA | Field | Physical | 29 | 84 | full working day | Activity | no | no | yes | ||
Crenshaw et al. [69] | 2006 | Sweden | Lab | Mental | 15 | 2 | 60 min | Activity | yes | no | yes | yes | yes |
Dababneh et al. [70] | 2001 | USA | Field | Physical | 30 | 36 | full working day | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | |
Davis and Kotowski [71] | 2014 | USA | Field | Mental | 37 | 40 | full working day | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
Davy and Göbel [25] | 2013 | Germany | Lab | Physical | 24 | 3 | full night shift | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
de Looze et al. [72] | 2010 | The Netherlands | Field | Physical | 14 | 3 | 440 min | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | |
Dorion and Darveau [73] | 2013 | Canada | Field | Physical | 16 | 3 | full working day | Regimen | yes | no | yes | yes | yes |
Engelmann et al. [74] | 2011 | Germany | Field | Physical | 7 | 1 | full working day | Regimen | yes | no | yes | yes | yes |
Faucett et al. [75] | 2007 | USA | Field | Physical | 66/32 | 2/6 | 480 min | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | |
Frey et al. [76] | 2002 | Austria | Field | Physical | 11 | 2 | full 24h shift | Activity | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
Galinsky et al. [77] | 2000 | USA | Field | Physical | 42 | 60 | full working day | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | |
Galinsky et al. [78] | 2007 | USA | Field | Mental | 51 | 56 | full working day | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | |
Garcia et al. [79] | 2018 | Switzerland | Lab | Physical | 30 | 2 | 300 min | Regimen | yes | no | yes | yes | |
Genaidy and al-Rayes [80] | 1993 | USA | Lab | Physical | 5/8 | 2 | 240 min | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
Genaidy et al. [81] | 1995 | USA | Field | Physical | 28 | 28 | full working day | Regimen | no | no | yes | ||
Hayashi et al. [82] | 2004 | Japan | Field | Mental | 10 | 2 | 120 min | Activity | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
Helander and Quance [83] | 1990 | USA | Lab | Mental | 7 | 4 | 200 min | Regimen | yes | no | yes | ||
Henning et al. [84] | 1989 | USA | Lab | Mental | 20 | 2 | 120 min | Regimen | yes | no | yes | yes | yes |
Henning et al. [85] | 1993 | USA | Lab | Mental | 38 | 1 | 48 min | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | |
Henning et al. [86] | 1994a | USA | Lab | Mental | 31 | 1 | 65 min | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
Henning et al. [87] | 1994b | USA | Lab | Mental | 38 | 1 | 48 min | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
Henning et al. [88] | 1995 | USA | Lab | Mental | 30 | 1 | 55 min | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
Henning et al. [89] | 1996 | USA | Lab | Mental | 31/30 | 1 | 60 min | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
Henning et al. [26] | 1997a | USA | Field | Mental | 73/19 | 28/42 | full working day | Regimen | yes | no | yes | yes | |
Henning et al. [90] | 1997b | USA | Lab | Mental | 60 | 1 | 46 min | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
Hirose and Nagasaka [91] | 2003 | Japan | Lab | Mental | 8 | 1 | 100 min | Activity | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
Hofer-Tinguely et al. [92] | 2005 | Switzerland | Lab | Physical | 50 | 1 | 60 min | Activity | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
Howard et al. [93] | 2010 | Australia | Lab | Mental | 8 | 3 | full night shift | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
Irmak et al. [94] | 2012 | Turkey | Field | Mental | 39 | 70 | full working day | Regimen | no | no | yes | ||
Januario et al. [95] | 2018 | Brazil | Lab | Physical | 18 | 1 | 40 min | Activity | yes | no | yes | yes | |
Kakarot et al. [96] | 2012 | Germany | Lab | Physical | 29 | 2 | 420 min | Regimen | yes | no | yes | yes | |
Karwowski et al. [97] | 1994 | USA | Lab | Mental | 12 | 12 | 240 min | Regimen | yes | no | yes | yes | |
Kennedy and Ball [98] | 2007 | Australia | Field | Mental | 75 | 28 | full working day | Activity | yes | no | yes | ||
Kietrys et al. [99] | 2007 | USA | Field | Mental | 72 | 28 | full working day | Activity | no | no | yes | ||
Kopardekar and Mital [100] | 1994 | USA | Lab | Mental | 8 | 1 | 120 min | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | |
Krajewski et al. [101] | 2011 | Germany | Field | Mental | 14 | 168 | full working day | Activity | yes | yes | yes | ||
Lacaze et al. [102] | 2010 | Brazil | Field | Mental | 64 | 40 | full working day | Activity | no | no | yes | ||
Larsen et al. [103] | 2009 | Denmark | Field | Mental | 18 | 1 | 30 min | Activity | yes | no | yes | yes | yes |
Lim and Kwok [104] | 2016 | Singapore | Lab | Mental | 71 | 1 | 60 min | Regimen | yes | yes | yes | yes | |
Lim et al. [105] | 2013 | Singapore | Lab | Mental | 31 | 2 | 65 min | Regimen | yes | no | yes | yes | |
Lim et al. [106] | 2016 | Singapore | Lab | Mental | 27 | 2 | 1 min | Regimen | yes | no | yes | yes | |
Mailey et al. [107] | 2016 | USA | Field | Mental | 49 | 56 | full working day | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | |
Mathiassen & Winkel [108] | 1996 | Sweden | Lab | Physical | 8 | 7 | 240–360 min | Activity | no | no | yes | yes | |
Mathiassen et al. [109] | 2014 | Sweden | Lab | Mental | 18 | 3 | 42 min | Regimen | no | yes | yes | yes | yes |
McLean et al. [110] | 2001 | Canada | Field | Mental | 15 | 30 | full working day | Regimen | yes | no | yes | yes | yes |
Miller and Fathallah [111] | 2006 | USA | Field | Physical | 14 | 1 | 55 min | Regimen | no | no | yes | ||
Mitra et al. [112] | 2008 | Australia | Field | Physical | 233 | 28 | full working day | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | |
Mohamed and Radwan [113] | 2017 | Saudi Arabia | Lab | Mental | 45 | 1 | 60 min | Regimen | no | no | yes | ||
Nakphet et al. [114] | 2014 | Thailand | Lab | Mental | 30 | 1 | 60 min | Activity | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
Neri et al. [115] | 2002 | USA | Lab | Mental | 28 | 1 | 360 min | Regimen | yes | no | yes | yes | |
O’Donnell et al. [116] | 2015 | Australia | Lab | Mental | 60 | 1 | 48 min | Regimen | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
Oriyama et al. [117] | 2014 | Japan | Field | Physical | 15 | 1 | full night shift | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | |
Rahman et al. [118] | 2018 | Malaysia | Field | Physical | 15 | 1 | 160 min | Regimen | no | no | yes | ||
Reyner & Horne [119] | 1997 | UK | Lab | Mental | 12 | 1 | 180 min | Activity | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
Ross et al. [120] | 2014 | New Zealand | Lab | Mental | 40 | 1 | 40 min | Activity | yes | yes | yes | yes | |
Rupp et al. [121] | 2017 | USA | Lab | Mental | 65 | 1 | 15 min | Activity | yes | yes | yes | yes | |
Samani et al. [122] | 2009a | Denmark | Lab | Mental | 12 | 2 | 12 + 4 min | Activity | yes | yes | yes | yes | |
Samani et al. [123] | 2009b | Denmark | Lab | Mental | 12 | 1 | 40 min | Activity | yes | no | yes | yes | |
Schnieder et al. [124] | 2013 | Germany | Field | Mental | 14 | 180 | full working day | Activity | yes | no | yes | yes | |
Scholz et al. [50] | 2018 | Germany | Lab | Mental | 12 | 4 | 120 min | Activity | yes | no | yes | yes | yes |
Sheahan et al. [125] | 2016 | Canada | Lab | Mental | 20 | 4 | 60–70 min | Regimen | yes | no | yes | yes | yes |
Sianoja et al. [15] | 2017 | Finland | Field | Mental | 97 | 10 | full working day | Activity | yes | yes | yes | ||
Sommer et al. [126] | 2013 | Germany | Lab | Mental | 32 | 2 | 0 | Activity | yes | no | yes | yes | yes |
Steinborn and Hystegge [127] | 2016 | Germany | Lab | Mental | 68 | 1 | 50 min | Activity | yes | yes | yes | yes | |
St-Onge et al. [128] | 2017 | Canada | Lab | Mental | 27 | 1 | 40 min | Activity | yes | no | yes | yes | yes |
Sun et al. [49] | 2017 | Singapore | Lab | Mental | 20 | 2 | 22 min | Regimen | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
Sundelin [129] | 1993 | Sweden | Lab | Physical | 12 | 1 | 120 min | Activity | no | no | yes | yes | |
Sundelin and Hagberg [130] | 1989 | Sweden | Field | Mental | 12 | 1 | 90 min | Activity | no | no | yes | yes | |
Takahashi et al. [131] | 1998 | Japan | Lab | Mental | 30 | 1 | full working day | Regimen | yes | no | yes | yes | yes |
Takahashi et al. [132] | 2004 | Japan | Field | Physical | 8 | 21 | full working day | Activity | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
Taylor et al. [133] | 2013 | USA | Field | Mental | 35 | 180/365 | full working day | Activity | no | no | yes | ||
Taylor et al. [47] | 2016 | USA | Field | Mental | 175 | 180 | full working day | Activity | yes | no | yes | yes | |
Tiwari and Gite [134] | 2006 | India | Field | Physical | 5 | 4 | 360 min | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | |
Torrente et al. [135] | 2017 | Finland | Field | Mental | 153 | 30 | full working day | Activity | yes | yes | yes | ||
van den Heuvel et al. [136] | 2003 | The Netherlands | Field | Mental | 268 | 60 | full working day | Activity | no | no | yes | yes | |
van Dieen and Oude Vrielink [137] | 1998 | The Netherlands | Field | Physical | 12 | 3 | full working day | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | |
Wang and Pei [138] | 2014 | China | Field | Mental | 33 | 1 | 120–240 min | Regimen | no | no | yes | yes | |
Watling et al. [48] | 2014 | Australia | Lab | Mental | 20 | 1 | 180 min | Activity | yes | no | yes | yes | yes |
Wollseiffen et al. [139] | 2015 | Germany | Field | Mental | 50 | 1 | full working day | Activity | yes | no | yes | yes | yes |
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Continent | k | 1989–1998 | 1999–2008 | 2009–2019 |
---|---|---|---|---|
America | 36 | 14 | 9 | 13 |
Europe | 33 | 7 | 8 | 18 |
Asia | 17 | 1 | 4 | 12 |
Australia | 6 | 0 | 2 | 4 |
Africa | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Total | 93 | 22 | 23 | 48 |
Study Design | k | 1989–1998 | 1999–2008 | 2009–2019 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lab study | 51 | 17 | 7 | 27 |
Field study | 42 | 5 | 16 | 21 |
Mental work task | 62 | 15 | 10 | 37 |
Physical work task | 31 | 7 | 13 | 11 |
Hypothesis-based | 46 | 6 | 8 | 32 |
Theory-based | 13 | 0 | 0 | 13 |
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Scholz, A.; Wendsche, J.; Ghadiri, A.; Singh, U.; Peters, T.; Schneider, S. Methods in Experimental Work Break Research: A Scoping Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 3844. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203844
Scholz A, Wendsche J, Ghadiri A, Singh U, Peters T, Schneider S. Methods in Experimental Work Break Research: A Scoping Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(20):3844. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203844
Chicago/Turabian StyleScholz, André, Johannes Wendsche, Argang Ghadiri, Usha Singh, Theo Peters, and Stefan Schneider. 2019. "Methods in Experimental Work Break Research: A Scoping Review" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20: 3844. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203844