Physical Exercise Decreases the Mobile Phone Dependence of University Students in China: The Mediating Role of Self-Control
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Procedure and Participants
2.2. Measures and Instruments
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sample Characteristics Analysis
3.2. Spearman’s or Pearson’s Correlation Analysis
3.3. Hierarchical Regression Analysis
3.4. Mediating Role Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Total | PE | MPD | SC | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Range | 1−4 | 16−80 | 19−95 | ||||
N (%) | M (SD) | t | M (SD) | t | M (SD) | t | |
All | 608 | 2.12 (0.95) | p | 42.81 (10.63) | p | 59.69 (10.87) | p |
Male | 158 (25.99) | 2.77 (1.05) | 10.833 | 40.68 (10.62) | −2.948 | 61.59 (11.63) | 2.568 |
Female | 450 (74.01) | 1.89 (0.80) | 0.000 *** | 43.56 (10.54) | 0.003 ** | 59.03 (10.52) | 0.01 * |
Liberal Arts | 317 (63.98) | 1.99 (0.86) | −3.397 | 43.94 (10.82) | 2.742 | 59.09 (10.53) | −1.436 |
Science | 219 (36.02) | 2.25 (1.03) | 0.001 ** | 41.59 (10.29) | 0.006 ** | 60.35 (11.20) | 0.152 |
Rural | 153 (25.16) | 2.10 (0.93) | 0.773 | 43.20 (10.69) | −1.528 | 60.60 (11.25) | 1.194 |
Urban | 455 (74.84) | 2.17 (1.01) | 0.440 | 41.68 (10.38) | 0.127 | 59.39 (10.73) | 0.233 |
Variable | PE | MPD | SC |
---|---|---|---|
PE | ―― | ||
MPD | −0.124 ** | ―― | |
SC | 0.164 *** | −0.563 *** | ―― |
Variable | Beta (β) | t | ΔR2 | ΔF | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | 0.022 | 4.427 ** | |||
Block 1 | Sex | 0.089 | 2.080 * | ||
Major | −0.075 | −1.757 | |||
Source | 0.042 | 1.021 | |||
Model 2 | 0.008 | 5.244 * | |||
Block 1 | Sex | 0.049 | 1.054 | ||
Major | −0.075 | −1.753 | |||
Source | 0.043 | 1.063 | |||
Block 2 | PE | −1.00 | −2.286 * | ||
Model 3 | 0.295 | 263.233 *** | |||
Block 1 | Sex | 0.031 | 0.815 | ||
Major | −0.063 | −1.757 | |||
Source | 0.023 | 0.667 | |||
Block 2 | PE | −0.017 | −0.452 | ||
Block 3 | SC | −0.552 | −16.224 *** |
B (SE) | Beta (β) | t | R | R2 | Adjusted R2 | F | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Step 1 | 0.131 | 0.017 | 0.016 | 10.643 ** | |||
PE → MPD | −1.464 (0.449) | −0.131 | −3.262 ** | ||||
Step 2 | 0.168 | 0.028 | 0.027 | 17.598 *** | |||
PE → SC | 1.915 (0.456) | 0.168 | 4.195 *** | ||||
Step 3 | 0.564 | 0.318 | 0.316 | 141.215 *** | |||
SC → MPD | −0.544 (0.033) | −0.557 | −16.344 *** | ||||
PE → MPD | −0.422 (0.380) | −0.038 | −1.112 |
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Yang, G.; Tan, G.-x.; Li, Y.-x.; Liu, H.-y.; Wang, S.-t. Physical Exercise Decreases the Mobile Phone Dependence of University Students in China: The Mediating Role of Self-Control. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 4098. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214098
Yang G, Tan G-x, Li Y-x, Liu H-y, Wang S-t. Physical Exercise Decreases the Mobile Phone Dependence of University Students in China: The Mediating Role of Self-Control. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(21):4098. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214098
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Guan, Guang-xin Tan, Yue-xiang Li, Hai-ying Liu, and Song-tao Wang. 2019. "Physical Exercise Decreases the Mobile Phone Dependence of University Students in China: The Mediating Role of Self-Control" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 21: 4098. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214098