Social and Behavioral Predictors of Adolescents’ Positive Attitude towards Life and Self
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Are there significant relationships between health behaviors with adolescents’ positive attitudes towards themselves and their life?
- Do these associations persist, considering the influence of social factors and school performance?
- Which of the health-related behaviors impact adolescents’ positive attitude?
- Are positive associations with selected factors gender specific?
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Participants
2.2. Instruments
- -
- I am proud of my achievements.
- -
- I always find a reason to be happy.
- -
- My belief in myself gets me through difficult times in my life.
- -
- My life has meaning.
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Health-Related Behaviors | N (%) | Boys | Girls | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean PAS | SD | p | Mean PAS | SD | p | ||
Physical activity (MVPA) | |||||||
0–4 days | 1934 (64.4) | 13.10 | 3.38 | 12.73 | 3.86 | ||
5–6 days | 676 (22.5) | 13.68 | 3.51 | <0.001 | 13.68 | 3.46 | <0.001 |
7 days | 394 (13.1) | 14.54 | 4.13 | 13.93 | 3.77 | ||
Breakfasts | |||||||
every day | 1468 (49.9) | 13.94 | 3.49 | <0.001 | 13.43 | 3.57 | <0.001 |
not every day | 1471 (50.1) | 13.01 | 3.73 | 12.62 | 3.94 | ||
Fruits/vegetables | |||||||
every day | 979 (33.4) | 14.01 | 3.46 | 0.003 | 13.45 | 3.81 | <0.001 |
not every day | 1949 (66.6) | 13.36 | 4.02 | 12.71 | 3.75 | ||
Sweets/soft drinks | |||||||
no more than once/week | 390 (13.2) | 13.47 | 4.10 | 0.777 | 13.16 | 3.95 | 0.503 |
more often | 2546 (86.8) | 13.55 | 3.56 | 12.98 | 3.77 | ||
Tobacco smoking in the last 30 days | |||||||
never | 1934 (65.6) | 13.72 | 3.58 | 13.32 | 3.65 | ||
1–2 times | 297 (10.1) | 13.38 | 3.32 | 0.038 | 12.65 | 3.85 | <0.001 |
more often | 716 (24.3) | 13.14 | 3.80 | 12.18 | 4.11 | ||
Alcohol drinking in the last 30 days | |||||||
never | 1084 (36.8) | 13.78 | 3.59 | 13.63 | 3.76 | ||
1–2 times | 861 (29.2) | 13.67 | 3.50 | 0.035 | 12.78 | 3.62 | <0.001 |
more often | 1002 (34.0) | 13.21 | 3.71 | 12.35 | 3.96 | ||
Been drunk in the last 30 days | |||||||
never | 2191 (74.6) | 13.63 | 3.57 | 13.25 | 3.72 | ||
1–2 times | 501 (17.1) | 13.27 | 3.18 | 0.281 | 12.27 | 3.72 | <0.001 |
more often | 246 (8.4) | 13.32 | 4.50 | 11.37 | 4.59 | ||
Cannabis use in the last 30 days | |||||||
never | 2633 (90.9) | 13.65 | 3.60 | 13.02 | 3.77 | ||
1–2 times | 151 (5.2) | 12.98 | 3.12 | 0.028 | 12.52 | 4.02 | 0.052 |
more often | 111 (3.8) | 12.70 | 4.15 | 11.57 | 4.74 |
School Performance and Social Relations (Type/Range of Scale) | N (%) | Boys | Girls | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean PAS | SD | p | Mean PAS | SD | p | ||
School achievements (order) | |||||||
below average | 240 (8.1) | 11.22 | 4.49 | 10.27 | 4.54 | ||
average | 1415 (47.9) | 13.22 | 3.48 | <0.001 | 12.32 | 3.79 | <0.001 |
good | 919 (31.2) | 14.13 | 3.41 | 13.63 | 3.41 | ||
very good | 377 (12.8) | 15.46 | 3.62 | 14.77 | 3.27 | ||
School stress (0–16) | |||||||
low | 868 (29.4) | 14.65 | 3.09 | 14.21 | 3.43 | ||
average | 1344 (45.6) | 13.09 | 3.47 | <0.001 | 12.95 | 3.64 | <0.001 |
high | 737 (25.0) | 12.80 | 4.18 | 11.77 | 4.09 | ||
Communication with family (0–55) | |||||||
low | 723 (25.4) | 12.25 | 4.20 | 10.97 | 4.09 | ||
average | 1427 (50.1) | 13.40 | 3.15 | <0.001 | 13.12 | 3.28 | <0.001 |
high | 699 (24.5) | 15.41 | 3.02 | 14.77 | 3.39 | ||
Communication with peers (0–20) | |||||||
low | 729 (25.5) | 12.58 | 3.75 | 11.68 | 4.23 | ||
average | 1371 (47.9) | 13.73 | 3.20 | <0.001 | 12.74 | 3.60 | <0.001 |
high | 763 (26.7) | 15.25 | 3.49 | 13.90 | 3.64 | ||
Neighborhood social capital (0–16) | |||||||
low | 662 (23.7) | 12.41 | 3.90 | 12.08 | 4.30 | ||
average | 1555 (55.7) | 13.52 | 3.40 | <0.001 | 12.91 | 3.54 | <0.001 |
high | 576 (20.6) | 14.90 | 3.27 | 14.53 | 3.40 |
Independent Variables (Type) | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beta | p | Beta | p | Beta | p | |
Socio-demographic | ||||||
Gender (0–1) | 0.035 | 0.085 | 0.040 | 0.040 | 0.103 | 0.000 |
Age (0–1) | 0.020 | 0.304 | 0.038 | 0.052 | 0.036 | 0.051 |
Living in big city (0–1) | −0.039 | 0.091 | −0.033 | 0.138 | −0.013 | 0.547 |
Living in rural areas (0–1) | 0.024 | 0.299 | 0.022 | 0.330 | 0.013 | 0.543 |
Family affluence (cont.) | 0.069 | 0.000 | 0.042 | 0.023 | −0.011 | 0.547 |
Health behaviors | ||||||
Physical activity (cont.) | 0.150 | 0.000 | 0.134 | 0.000 | 0.096 | 0.000 |
Breakfast every day (0–1) | 0.097 | 0.000 | 0.074 | 0.000 | 0.040 | 0.024 |
Often fruits and vegetables (0–1) | 0.059 | 0.002 | 0.047 | 0.012 | 0.021 | 0.226 |
Rarely sweets and sweet drinks (0–1) | 0.001 | 0.972 | 0.005 | 0.780 | −0.009 | 0.603 |
Substances abuse in the past 30 days | ||||||
Tobacco smoking (cont.) | −0.011 | 0.629 | 0.033 | 0.137 | 0.030 | 0.159 |
Alcohol drinking (cont.) | −0.054 | 0.053 | −0.040 | 0.135 | −0.026 | 0.303 |
Being drunk (cont.) | −0.022 | 0.409 | −0.011 | 0.654 | −0.009 | 0.699 |
Cannabis use (cont.) | −0.020 | 0.324 | −0.018 | 0.376 | −0.015 | 0.434 |
School performance | ||||||
Academic achievements (cont.) | - | - | 0.184 | 0.000 | 0.170 | 0.000 |
School-related stress (cont.) | - | - | −0.159 | 0.000 | −0.110 | 0.000 |
Social relations | ||||||
Communication in the family (cont.) | - | - | - | - | 0.253 | 0.000 |
Communication with peers (cont.) | - | - | - | - | 0.164 | 0.000 |
Neighborhood social capital (cont.) | - | - | - | - | 0.100 | 0.000 |
Adjusted R2 | 0.057 | 0.128 | 0.251 |
Independent Variables (Type) in the Order of Entry | Boys | Girls | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beta | p | Change R2 | Beta | p | Change R2 | |
Communication in the family (cont.) | 0.221 | 0.000 | 0.121 | 0.285 | 0.000 | 0.158 |
Academic achievements (cont.) | 0.168 | 0.000 | 0.046 | 0.169 | 0.000 | 0.044 |
Communication with peers (cont.) | 0.175 | 0.000 | 0.037 | 0.144 | 0.000 | 0.023 |
Neighborhood social capital (cont.) | 0.110 | 0.000 | 0.013 | 0.094 | 0.000 | 0.012 |
School-related stress (cont.) | −0.127 | 0.000 | 0.012 | –0.095 | 0.000 | 0.009 |
Physical activity (cont.) | 0.110 | 0.000 | 0.012 | 0.074 | 0.002 | 0.007 |
Being drunk (cont.) * | - | - | - | –0.102 | 0.000 | 0.005 |
Living in rural areas (0–1) | - | - | - | 0.059 | 0.014 | 0.003 |
Adjusted R2 | 0.241 | 0.261 |
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Share and Cite
Malinowska-Cieślik, M.; Mazur, J.; Nałęcz, H.; Małkowska-Szkutnik, A. Social and Behavioral Predictors of Adolescents’ Positive Attitude towards Life and Self. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 4404. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224404
Malinowska-Cieślik M, Mazur J, Nałęcz H, Małkowska-Szkutnik A. Social and Behavioral Predictors of Adolescents’ Positive Attitude towards Life and Self. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(22):4404. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224404
Chicago/Turabian StyleMalinowska-Cieślik, Marta, Joanna Mazur, Hanna Nałęcz, and Agnieszka Małkowska-Szkutnik. 2019. "Social and Behavioral Predictors of Adolescents’ Positive Attitude towards Life and Self" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 22: 4404. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224404