Influence of Electronic Cigarettes on Selected Antibacterial Properties of Saliva
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patient Population
2.2. Saliva Collection
2.3. Analysis of Saliva
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Groups | IgA [µg/mL] | Lisozyme [µg/mL] | Lactoferrin [µg/mL] | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Range | Me | Mean ± SD | Range | Me | Mean ± SD | Range | Me | |
E-cigarette users (n = 40) | 201.1 ± 118 | 12.0–560.0 | 169.0 a | 1.7 ± 0.9 | 0.2–3.8 | 1.6 c | 9.5 ± 10.6 | 0.1–40.4 | 7.1 e |
Cigarette smokers (n = 40) | 164.7 ± 95 | 16.0–332.0 | 157.5 a,b | 1.8 ± 1.4 | 0.3–6.1 | 1.4 d | 2.7 ± 3.5 | 0.3–15.7 | 1.4 f |
Control group (n = 40) | 515.8 ± 430 | 36.0–2182.0 | 399.0 b | 6.5 ± 4.8 | 1.3–22.1 | 4.8 c,d | 7.0 ± 8.8 | 1.1–61.7 | 5.6 e,f |
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Cichońska, D.; Kusiak, A.; Kochańska, B.; Ochocińska, J.; Świetlik, D. Influence of Electronic Cigarettes on Selected Antibacterial Properties of Saliva. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 4433. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224433
Cichońska D, Kusiak A, Kochańska B, Ochocińska J, Świetlik D. Influence of Electronic Cigarettes on Selected Antibacterial Properties of Saliva. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(22):4433. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224433
Chicago/Turabian StyleCichońska, Dominika, Aida Kusiak, Barbara Kochańska, Jolanta Ochocińska, and Dariusz Świetlik. 2019. "Influence of Electronic Cigarettes on Selected Antibacterial Properties of Saliva" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 22: 4433. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224433
APA StyleCichońska, D., Kusiak, A., Kochańska, B., Ochocińska, J., & Świetlik, D. (2019). Influence of Electronic Cigarettes on Selected Antibacterial Properties of Saliva. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(22), 4433. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224433