Hepatitis C Virus Treatment Status and Barriers among Patients in Methadone Maintenance Treatment Clinics in Guangdong Province, China: A Cross-Sectional, Observational Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design and Setting
2.2. Participants
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Measures
2.4.1. Self-Reported HCV Infection Status
2.4.2. HCV Treatment Status
2.4.3. Patients Characteristics
2.4.4. Willingness to Accept DOT and Barriers Against It
2.4.5. Willingness to Use DAAs and Barriers against Using Them
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Patient Characteristics According to Self-Reported HCV Status
3.2. HCV Treatment Status among Those in the MMT Program who Reported HCV Infection
3.3. Reasons for Not Initiating Treatment among Those in the MMT Program Who Reported HCV Infection
3.4. Reasons for Discontinuing Treatment among Those Initiating Treatment for HCV in the MMT Program
3.5. Factors for Not Initiating Treatment among Those in the MMT Program Reporting HCV Infection
3.6. Willingness to Use DOT in MMT Clinics among Those in the MMT Program Reporting HCV Infection
3.7. Willingness to use DAAs in MMT Clinics among Those in the MMT Program Reporting HCV Infection
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Initiating Treatment (%) | COR (95% CI) | p | AOR (95% CI) | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No (n = 222) | Yes (n = 144) | |||||
Predisposing factors | ||||||
Gender | 0.016 | 0.019 | ||||
male | 188 (58) | 134 (42) | Reference | Reference | ||
female | 34 (77) | 10 (23) | 0.41 (0.20–0.86) | 0.40 (0.18–0.86) | ||
Age | 0.663 | |||||
18–34 | 20 (63) | 12 (37) | Reference | |||
34–44 | 126 (62) | 76 (38) | 1.01 (0.47–2.17) | |||
≥45 | 76 (58) | 56 (42.) | 1.23 (0.56–2.72) | |||
42.5 ± 6.25 | 42.9 ± 6.08 | 1.01 (0.98–1.05) | ||||
Marital Status | 0.278 | |||||
Married | 128 (58) | 91 (42) | Reference | |||
Single | 58 (60) | 38 (40) | 0.92 (0.57–1.50) | |||
Divorced or windowed | 36 (71) | 15 (29) | 0.59 (0.30–1.13) | |||
Duration in MMT (years) | 0.083 | 0.173 | ||||
<5 | 64 (54) | 54 (46) | Reference | Reference | ||
≥5 | 158 (64) | 90 (36) | 0.68 (0.43–1.05) | 0.72 (0.45–1.16) | ||
Region of residence | 0.994 | |||||
urban | 151 (61) | 98 (39) | Reference | |||
rural | 71 (61) | 46 (39) | 1.00 (0.64, 1.57) | |||
Duration of abusing drugs(years) # | 0.369 | |||||
<10 | 44 (59) | 31 (41) | Reference | |||
10–19 | 144 (63) | 86 (37) | 0.85 (0.50–1.44) | |||
≥20 | 30 (53) | 27 (47) | 1.28 (0.64–2.56) | |||
14.0 ± 5.47 | 14.3 ± 6.03 | 0.99 (0.96–1.03) | ||||
Ever injected drugs | 0.048 | 0.008 | ||||
No | 29 (49) | 30 (51) | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 193 (63) | 114 (37) | 0.57 (0.33–1.00) | 0.44 (0.24–0.81) | ||
Ever shared needles | 0.336 | |||||
No | 160 (62) | 97 (38) | Reference | |||
Yes | 62 (57) | 47 (43) | 1.25 (0.79–1.97) | |||
Abusing drugs in the past month | 0.397 | |||||
No | 194 (56) | 130 (40) | Reference | |||
Yes | 28 (67) | 14 (33) | 0.75 (0.38–1.47) | |||
More than one sexual partner in the past month | 0.343 | |||||
No | 213 (61) | 135 (39) | Reference | |||
Yes | 9 (50) | 9 (50) | 1.58 (0.61–4.07) | |||
Enabling factors | ||||||
Education level | 0.386 | |||||
≤Primary school | 56 (66) | 29 (34) | Reference | |||
Junior high school | 124 (61) | 81 (39) | 1.26 (0.74–2.14) | |||
≥Senior high school | 42 (55) | 34 (45) | 1.56 (0.83–2.96) | |||
Employment | 0.618 | |||||
Unemployed | 102 (59) | 70 (41) | Reference | |||
Employed | 120 (62) | 74 (38) | 0.90 (0.59–1.37) | |||
Monthly income | 0.436 | |||||
<3000 | 132 (61) | 85 (39) | Reference | |||
3000–5000 | 71 (64) | 40 (36) | 0.88 (0.55–1.41) | |||
≥5000 | 17 (51) | 16 (49) | 1.46 (0.70–3.05) | |||
Have health insurance | 0.616 | |||||
Yes | 163 (60) | 109 (40) | Reference | |||
No | 56 (63) | 33 (37) | 0.88 (0.54–1.44) | |||
Have stable residence | 0.074 | 0.049 | ||||
Yes | 181 (59) | 127 (41) | Reference | Reference | ||
No | 40 (71) | 16 (29) | 0.57 (0.31–1.06) | 0.26 (0.25–0.99) | ||
Need factors | ||||||
Drinking times in the past month | 0.484 | |||||
Never | 160 (62) | 98 (38) | Reference | |||
1–3 times per month | 36 (63) | 21 (37) | 0.95 (0.52–1.73) | |||
≥1 times per week | 13 (52) | 12 (48) | 1.51 (0.66–3.44) | |||
≥1 times per day | 13 (52) | 12 (48) | 1.51 (0.66–3.44) | |||
HIV | 0.001 | 0.001 | ||||
No | 201 (64) | 112 (36) | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 21 (40) | 32 (60) | 2.73 (1.51–4.97) | 2.83 (1.50–5.33) | ||
HBV | 0.015 | 0.024 | ||||
No | 209 (63) | 125 (37) | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 13 (41) | 19 (59) | 2.44 (1.17–5.12) | 2.46 (1.12–5.39) |
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Liu, Y.; Zou, X.; Chen, W.; Gong, C.; Ling, L. Hepatitis C Virus Treatment Status and Barriers among Patients in Methadone Maintenance Treatment Clinics in Guangdong Province, China: A Cross-Sectional, Observational Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 4436. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224436
Liu Y, Zou X, Chen W, Gong C, Ling L. Hepatitis C Virus Treatment Status and Barriers among Patients in Methadone Maintenance Treatment Clinics in Guangdong Province, China: A Cross-Sectional, Observational Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(22):4436. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224436
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Yin, Xia Zou, Wen Chen, Cheng Gong, and Li Ling. 2019. "Hepatitis C Virus Treatment Status and Barriers among Patients in Methadone Maintenance Treatment Clinics in Guangdong Province, China: A Cross-Sectional, Observational Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 22: 4436. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224436