Effect of Nutritional Intervention Programs on Nutritional Status and Readmission Rate in Malnourished Older Adults with Pneumonia: A Randomized Control Trial
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design and Setting
2.2. Study Participants
2.3. Interventions
2.4. Outcomes Measures
2.4.1. Primary Outcomes
2.4.2. Secondary Outcomes
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Characteristics of Patients
3.2. MNA-SF Assessment
3.3. Anthropometric Measurements
3.4. Blood Analysis
3.5. Assessment of Total Daily Calorie Intake, Calorie Intake Adherence Rate, and Three-Nutrient Ratios
3.6. Hospital Stay and Readmission Rate
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Baseline Characteristics | Nutrition Intervention (NI) Group (n = 39) | Standard Care (SC) Group (n = 43) | p |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years old) | 80.9 ± 7.9 | 82.2 ± 7.7 | 0.453 |
Gender | |||
male/female | 35/4 | 31/12 | 0.044 * |
Admission diagnosis number of people (%) | 0.930 | ||
pneumonia, no pathogen | 32 (82.0%) | 32 (74.4%) | |
bacterial pneumonia | 2 (5.1%) | 4 (9.3%) | |
bronchopneumonia | 2 (5.1%) | 2 (4.6%) | |
other pneumonia, no pathogen | 3 (7.7%) | 4 (9.3%) | |
fever caused pneumonia | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.3%) | |
Comorbidity Number (%) | |||
COPD | 15 (38.4%) | 14 (32.5%) | 0.577 |
DM | 13 (33.3%) | 14 (32.5%) | 0.941 |
HTN | 26 (66.6%) | 24 (55.8%) | 0.314 |
CVD | 8 (20.5%) | 6 (13.9%) | 0.430 |
old stroke | 10 (25.6%) | 9 (20.9%) | 0.614 |
dementia | 11 (28.2%) | 3 (6.9%) | 0.011 * |
other lung diseases | 26 (66.6%) | 32 (74.4%) | 0.001 * |
Anthropometry | NI Group | SC Group | p (Interaction) | p (Time) | p (Group) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
BMI (kg/m2) | 0.345 | 0.010 * | 0.775 | ||
T0 | 20.7 ± 3.4 | 20.1 ± 4.4 | |||
T1 | 20.3 ± 3.1 | 19.8 ± 4.4 | |||
T3 | 20.3 ± 3.1 | 20.3 ± 4.4 | |||
T6 | 20.6 ± 3.1 | 21.8 ± 5.0 | |||
TSF (mm) | 0.767 | 0.023 * | 0.450 | ||
T0 | 15.0 ± 6.8 | 14.7 ± 6.5 | |||
T1 | 13.8 ± 6.4 | 13.6 ± 6.5 | |||
AC (cm) | 0.234 | <0.001 * | 0.417 | ||
T0 | 23.1 ± 2.8 | 22.4 ± 3.2 | |||
T1 | 22.6 ± 3.1 | 22.2 ± 3.4 | |||
AMC (mm) | 0.205 | <0.001 * | 0.745 | ||
T0 | 183.9 ± 29.0 | 180.8 ± 29.0 | |||
T1 | 179.8 ± 30.9 | 178.7 ± 29.3 | |||
AMA (mm2) | 0.236 | <0.001 * | 0.709 | ||
T0 | 2757.6 ± 810.1 | 2667.1 ± 744.3 | |||
T1 | 2647.4 ± 849.4 | 2607.9 ± 755.9 |
Blood Analysis | NI Group | SC Group | p (Interaction) | p (Time) | p (Group) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Albumin (g/dL) | 0.953 | 0.082 | 0.071 | ||
T0 | 2.7 ± 0.5 | 1.9 ± 0.4 | |||
T1 | 2.1 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | |||
WBC (µL) | 0.054 | <0.001 * | 0.170 | ||
T0 | 1132.8 ± 5519.6 | 1391.2 ± 7258.7 | |||
T1 | 8681.6 ± 3564.6 | 8556.1 ± 3449.5 | |||
Lym (%) | 0.108 | <0.001 * | 0.885 | ||
T0 | 12.5 ± 6.8 | 11.2 ± 6.7 | |||
T1 | 17.4 ± 9.1 | 18.5 ± 7.9 | |||
TLC (cells/mm3) | 0.655 | 0.279 | 0.606 | ||
T0 | 1284.6 ± 849.8 | 1432.0 ± 1199.8 | |||
T1 | 1436.4 ± 924.3 | 1493.9 ± 803.3 |
Three-Nutrient Intake | NI Group | SC Group | p (Interaction) | p (Time) | p (Group) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Protein (g/day) | 0.117 | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | ||
T0 | 52.3 ± 15.2 | 48.2 ± 14.5 | |||
T1 | 69.1 ± 10.2 | 56.5 ± 12.6 | |||
T3 | 59.7 ± 14.4 | 51.8 ± 12.6 | |||
T6 | 62.1 ± 10.5 | 51.3 ± 11.7 | |||
Lipid (g/day) | 0.232 | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | ||
T0 | 48.8 ± 19.0 | 44.0 ± 12.2 | |||
T1 | 67.5 ± 23.3 | 53.7 ± 16.0 | |||
T3 | 54.8 ± 19.6 | 44.2 ± 20.5 | |||
T6 | 57.4 ± 16.7 | 45.1 ± 15.8 | |||
Carbohydrate (g/day) | 0.116 | 0.811 | 0.255 | ||
T0 | 183.4 ± 49.9 | 202.8 ± 111.1 | |||
T1 | 197.8 ± 46.6 | 183.2 ± 47.5 | |||
T3 | 187.3 ± 41.0 | 187.3 ± 41.0 | |||
T6 | 203.1 ± 41.2 | 176.1 ± 40.2 |
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Yang, P.-H.; Lin, M.-C.; Liu, Y.-Y.; Lee, C.-L.; Chang, N.-J. Effect of Nutritional Intervention Programs on Nutritional Status and Readmission Rate in Malnourished Older Adults with Pneumonia: A Randomized Control Trial. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 4758. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234758
Yang P-H, Lin M-C, Liu Y-Y, Lee C-L, Chang N-J. Effect of Nutritional Intervention Programs on Nutritional Status and Readmission Rate in Malnourished Older Adults with Pneumonia: A Randomized Control Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(23):4758. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234758
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Pei-Hsin, Meng-Chih Lin, Yi-Ying Liu, Chia-Lun Lee, and Nai-Jen Chang. 2019. "Effect of Nutritional Intervention Programs on Nutritional Status and Readmission Rate in Malnourished Older Adults with Pneumonia: A Randomized Control Trial" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23: 4758. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234758