Microbiological Contamination of Strawberries from U-Pick Farms in Guangzhou, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Strawberry Field Selection and Fruit Collection
2.2. Microbiological Analysis of Strawberries and Irrigation Water
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Strawberry Fields
3.2. Microbiological Analysis of Strawberry and Irrigation Water
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Category | Bacterial Prevalence and Concentration | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Parameters | Total Coliforms | E. coli | Prevalence of Cryptosporidium | |
Central strawberries | % (n/n) positive | 61% (11/18) | 17% (3/18) | 28% (5/18) |
Mean (MPN/g) | 45.0 | 0.4 | 0.02 | |
Range (MPN/g) | 0–196 | 0–4 | 0–0.13 | |
Edge strawberries | % (n/n) positive | 72% (13/18) | 39% (7/18) | 22% (4/18) |
Mean (MPN/g) | 74.5 | 1.6 | 0.05 | |
Range (MPN/g) | 0–468 | 0–10 | 0–0.60 | |
Bitten strawberries | % (n/n) positive | 94% (17/18) | 78% (14/18) | 39% (7/18) |
Mean (MPN/g) | 341.3 | 76.7 | 0.01 | |
Range (MPN/g) | 0–468 | 0–468 | 0–0.06 |
Independent Variables | Coefficient | p-Value | 95% CI (Confidence Interval) | Odds Ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|
E. coli concentrations of strawberries (MPN/g) | 0.008 | <0.001 | 0.004, 0.013 | 1.008 |
Air temperature (°C) | 0.378 | 0.025 | 0.048, 0.708 | 1.459 |
Cryptosporidium in irrigation water | 2.053 | <0.001 | 0.926, 3.180 | 7.790 |
Constant | −12.451 | 0.012 | −22.134, −2.767 | 3.92 × 10−6 |
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Wei, X.; Hou, S.; Pan, X.; Xu, C.; Li, J.; Yu, H.; Chase, J.; Atwill, E.R.; Li, X.; Chen, K.; et al. Microbiological Contamination of Strawberries from U-Pick Farms in Guangzhou, China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 4910. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16244910
Wei X, Hou S, Pan X, Xu C, Li J, Yu H, Chase J, Atwill ER, Li X, Chen K, et al. Microbiological Contamination of Strawberries from U-Pick Farms in Guangzhou, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(24):4910. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16244910
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei, Xiaohong, Shuiping Hou, Xinhong Pan, Conghui Xu, Juntao Li, Hong Yu, Jennifer Chase, Edward R. Atwill, Xunde Li, Kuncai Chen, and et al. 2019. "Microbiological Contamination of Strawberries from U-Pick Farms in Guangzhou, China" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 24: 4910. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16244910