The Study of the Sterilization of the Indoor Air in Hospital/Clinic Rooms by Using the Electron Wind Generator
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sampling Site | City | Volume, m3 | No. of Patients | Temperature Indoors, °C | Relative Humidity, % | Ventilation | Windows |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patient room small (PRS) | Sosnowiec | 30 | 4–5 | 24 | 65–54 | mechanical | closed |
Patient room large (PRL) | Zabrze | 110 | 8 | 23 | 79–80 | natural | opened |
Waiting room (WR) | Sosnowiec | 77 | 4–13 * | 22 | 62–66 | natural | closed |
Concentration of Viable Microorganisms in the Room [CFU m−3] | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameter | Bacteria | Fungi | ||||
Background | 2 h | 4 h | Background | 2 h | 4 h | |
CTotal | 204 | 63 | 49 | 341 | 261 | 84 |
CResp | 91 | 42 | 21 | 257 | 261 | 84 |
CResp/CTotal | 0.45 | 0.67 | 0.43 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
RH, % | 65 | 58 | 54 | 65 | 58 | 54 |
C4 hours Total/CBackground Total | 0.24 | 0.25 |
Concentration of Viable Microorganisms in the Room [CFU m−3] | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameter | Bacteria | Fungi | ||||
Background | 2 h | 4 h | Background | 2 h | 4 h | |
CTotal | 848 | 452 | 445 | 872 | 854 | 698 |
CResp | 721 | 339 | 346 | 784 | 763 | 635 |
CResp/CTotal | 0.85 | 0.75 | 0.78 | 0.90 | 0.89 | 0.91 |
RH, % | 80 | 79 | 80 | 80 | 79 | 80 |
C4 hours Total/CBackground Total | 0.52 | 0.80 |
Concentration of Viable Microorganisms in the Room [CFU m−3] | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameter | Bacteria | Fungi | ||||||
Background | 1 h | 2 h | 4 h | Background | 1 h | 2 h | 4 h | |
CTotal | 1181 | 1040 | 706 | 501 | 713 | 671 | 515 | 345 |
CResp | 849 | 927 | 451 | 268 | 650 | 622 | 459 | 268 |
CResp/CTotal | 0.72 | 0.89 | 0.64 | 0.53 | 0.91 | 0.93 | 0.89 | 0.78 |
RH, % | 75 | 66 | 64 | 62 | 75 | 66 | 64 | 62 |
C4 hours Total/CBackground Total | 0.42 | 0.48 |
Bacteria Species and Genera | Background | 4 Hours of Sterilization * | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
[CFU m−3] | [%] | [CFU m−3] | [%] | |
Gram-positive cocci, including: | 573 | 77 | 381 | 90 |
Staph. epidermidis | 198 | 0 | ||
Staph. saprophyticus | 74 | 148 | ||
Staph. hominis | 11 | 14 | ||
Staph. xylosus | 85 | 0 | ||
Staph. cohnii cohnii | 11 | 7 | ||
Micrococcus spp. | 166 | 191 | ||
Kocuria | 28 | 21 | ||
Non-sporing gram-positive rods, including: | 140 | 19 | 28 | 7 |
Corynebacterium striatum/amycolatum | 75 | 0 | ||
Corynebacterium aquaticum | 25 | 7 | ||
Corynebacterium propinquum | 25 | 7 | ||
Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum | 4 | 0 | ||
Microbacterium spp. | 11 | 0 | ||
Brevibacterium spp. | 0 | 14 | ||
Actinomycetes, including: | 33 | 14 | 3 | |
Rhodococcus spp. | 21 | 14 | ||
Others | 12 | 4 | 0 | |
Total | 746 | 100 | 423 | 100 |
Concentration of Ozone [µg m−3] | Sterilization Time [h] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | |
(Background) | ||||
without carbon filter | 0.50 | 2.65 | 3.15 | 3.25 |
with carbon filter | 0.20 | 0.60 | 1.20 | 1.25 |
Parameter | Concentration of Viable Bacteria in the Room [CFU m−3] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 6 | 9 | |
(Background) | (Time, in Hours, Counted from the Beginning of Sterilization) | |||
CTotal | 1293 | 1166 | 385 | 293 |
Cn hours/CBackground | 1.00 | 0.90 | 0.30 | 0.23 |
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Pastuszka, J.S.; Mucha, W.; Wlazło, A.; Lis, D.; Marchwińska-Wyrwał, E.; Mainka, A. The Study of the Sterilization of the Indoor Air in Hospital/Clinic Rooms by Using the Electron Wind Generator. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 4935. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16244935
Pastuszka JS, Mucha W, Wlazło A, Lis D, Marchwińska-Wyrwał E, Mainka A. The Study of the Sterilization of the Indoor Air in Hospital/Clinic Rooms by Using the Electron Wind Generator. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(24):4935. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16244935
Chicago/Turabian StylePastuszka, Józef S., Walter Mucha, Agnieszka Wlazło, Danuta Lis, Ewa Marchwińska-Wyrwał, and Anna Mainka. 2019. "The Study of the Sterilization of the Indoor Air in Hospital/Clinic Rooms by Using the Electron Wind Generator" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 24: 4935. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16244935