Influence of Physical and Musculoskeletal Factors on Occupational Injuries and Accidents in Korean Workers Based on Gender and Company Size
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Survey
2.2.1. General Characteristics
2.2.2. Occupational Injuries and Accident, Physical Factors, and Musculoskeletal Factors
- (1)
- Vibration: Are you exposed to vibration caused by hand tools, machinery, etc. at your workplace?
- (2)
- Noise: Are you exposed to such severe noise levels that you have to raise your voice while speaking to others at your workplace?
- (3)
- Abnormal temperature: Are you exposed to high temperatures that cause sweating at your workplace even when you are not working? or are you exposed to low temperatures (indoors or outdoors) at your workplace?
- (4)
- Awkward posture: Are you exposed to tired or painful postures at your workplace?
- (5)
- Handling of heavy objects: Do you drag, push, or move heavy objects at your workplace?
- (6)
- Repetitive task: Do you perform repetitive hand or arm movements at your workplace?
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Occupational Injuries and Accidents | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
No (n = 11,837) | Yes (n = 1147) | |||
Age (years) | 53.1 ± 14.1 | 54.8 ± 13.8 | <0.001 | |
Work period (years) | 10.7 ± 12.1 | 18.0 ± 16.2 | <0.001 | |
Working hours per week (hours) | 44.8 ± 16.1 | 48.3 ± 13.8 | <0.001 | |
Gender | Male | 7990 (89.5) | 934 (10.5) | <0.001 |
Female | 3847 (94.7) | 214 (5.3) | ||
Education | Middle school graduate or below | 4045 (90.1) | 442 (9.9) | 0.008 |
High school graduate | 5940 (91.5) | 549 (8.5) | ||
College or above | 1853 (92.2) | 156 (7.8) | ||
Occupation | Agricultural or fishery worker | 1217 (80.8) | 290 (19.2) | <0.001 |
Engineer | 3535 (90.9) | 356 (9.1) | ||
Operator or assembly worker | 2263 (91.4) | 214 (8.6) | ||
Others † | 4823 (94.4) | 288 (5.6) | ||
Employment type | Self-employed | 2710 (85.2) | 472 (14.8) | <0.001 |
Permanent worker | 5697 (92.8) | 445 (7.2) | ||
Temporary worker | 3430 (93.7) | 231 (6.3) | ||
Monthly income (thousand Won ‡) | Under 1000 | 2768 (92.2) | 233 (7.8) | <0.001 |
1000–1990 | 4308 (92.2) | 365 (7.8) | ||
2000–2990 | 2784 (90.8) | 282 (9.2) | ||
3000–3990 | 1236 (88.6) | 159 (11.4) | ||
4000 or above | 552 (85.8) | 91 (14.2) | ||
No answer or unknown | 189 (91.3) | 18 (8.7) | ||
Number of employees | Under 50 | 9637 (90.9) | 970 (9.1) | 0.010 |
50 or above | 2200 (92.5) | 178 (7.5) |
Gender | Variables | Occupational Injuries and Accidents | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | |||||
Male | Physical factors | Vibration | No | 5126 (91.9) | 449 (8.1) | <0.001 |
Yes | 2863 (85.5) | 484 (14.5) | ||||
Noise | No | 6093 (90.6) | 631 (9.4) | <0.001 | ||
Yes | 1897 (86.3) | 302 (13.7) | ||||
Abnormal temperature † | No | 5309 (90.9) | 534 (9.1) | <0.001 | ||
Yes | 2681 (87.0) | 399 (13.0) | ||||
Musculoskeletal factors | Awkward posture | No | 4466 (92.8) | 345 (7.2) | <0.001 | |
Yes | 3524 (85.7) | 588 (14.3) | ||||
Handling of heavy objects | No | 5229 (92.2) | 440 (7.8) | <0.001 | ||
Yes | 2761 (84.8) | 493 (15.2) | ||||
Repetitive task | No | 6309 (90.8) | 638 (9.2) | <0.001 | ||
Yes | 1680 (85.0) | 296 (15.0) | ||||
Female | Physical factors | Vibration | No | 3119 (95.6) | 145 (4.4) | <0.001 |
Yes | 728 (91.3) | 69 (8.7) | ||||
Noise | No | 3375 (94.7) | 189 (5.3) | 0.664 | ||
Yes | 472 (95.2) | 24 (4.8) | ||||
Abnormal temperature | No | 2905 (95.4) | 141 (4.6) | 0.002 | ||
Yes | 943 (92.8) | 73 (7.2) | ||||
Musculoskeletal factors | Awkward posture | No | 2062 (95.6) | 94 (4.4) | 0.006 | |
Yes | 1785 (93.7) | 120 (6.3) | ||||
Handling of heavy objects | No | 3037 (95.3) | 151 (4.7) | 0.004 | ||
Yes | 810 (92.8) | 63 (7.2) | ||||
Repetitive task | No | 2876 (95.6) | 133 (4.4) | <0.001 | ||
Yes | 971 (92.3) | 81 (7.7) |
Number of Employees | Variables | Occupational Injuries and Accidents | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | |||||
Under 50 | Physical factors | Vibration | No | 6953 (93.1) | 519 (6.9) | <0.001 |
Yes | 2685 (85.6) | 450 (14.4) | ||||
Noise | No | 7914 (91.7) | 721 (8.3) | <0.001 | ||
Yes | 1724 (87.4) | 249 (12.6) | ||||
Abnormal temperature † | No | 6654 (92.2) | 560 (7.8) | <0.001 | ||
Yes | 2983 (87.9) | 409 (12.1) | ||||
Musculoskeletal factors | Awkward posture | No | 5278 (93.5) | 369 (6.5) | <0.001 | |
Yes | 4360 (87.9) | 600 (12.1) | ||||
Handling of heavy objects | No | 6614 (93.4) | 466 (6.6) | <0.001 | ||
Yes | 3024 (85.7) | 504 (14.3) | ||||
Repetitive task | No | 7629 (92.2) | 642 (7.8) | <0.001 | ||
Yes | 2009 (86.0) | 327 (14.0) | ||||
50 or above | Physical factors | Vibration | No | 1292 (94.5) | 75 (5.5) | <0.001 |
Yes | 907 (89.8) | 103 (10.2) | ||||
Noise | No | 1554 (94.0) | 100 (6.0) | <0.001 | ||
Yes | 646 (89.3) | 77 (10.7) | ||||
Abnormal temperature | No | 1560 (93.1) | 115 (6.9) | 0.076 | ||
Yes | 640 (91.0) | 63 (9.0) | ||||
Musculoskeletal factors | Awkward posture | No | 1251 (94.7) | 70 (5.3) | <0.001 | |
Yes | 949 (89.8) | 108 (10.2) | ||||
Handling of heavy objects | No | 1652 (93.0) | 125 (7.0) | 0.184 | ||
Yes | 547 (91.3) | 52 (8.7) | ||||
Repetitive task | No | 1557 (92.4) | 128 (7.6) | 0.748 | ||
Yes | 643 (92.8) | 50 (7.2) |
Number of Employees | Variables | Male | Female | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | OR † (95% CI) | aOR ‡ (95% CI) | Number | OR † (95% CI) | aOR ‡ (95% CI) | |||||||
Under 50 | Physical factors | No | 3439 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 2205 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Vibration | 693 | 2.00 | (1.57–2.57) | 2.05 | (1.57–2.66) | 250 | 3.33 | (2.14–5.19) | 3.64 | (2.20–6.00) | ||
Noise | 62 | 0.77 | (0.27–2.21) | 0.77 | (0.27–2.25) | 34 | 0.59 | (0.06–5.71) | 0.39 | (0.04–3.99) | ||
Abnormal temperature | 961 | 1.56 | (1.24–1.98) | 1.24 | (0.97–1.58) | 605 | 2.06 | (1.42–2.99) | 1.19 | (0.80–1.78) | ||
Musculoskeletal factors | No | 2462 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1328 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
Awkward posture | 1074 | 2.15 | (1.66–2.78) | 2.01 | (1.60–2.53) | 771 | 1.01 | (0.64–1.58) | 0.86 | (0.54–1.37) | ||
Handling of heavy objects | 698 | 2.22 | (1.66–2.97) | 2.00 | (1.52–2.65) | 159 | 1.04 | (0.46–2.37) | 0.72 | (0.31–1.68) | ||
Repetitive task | 474 | 1.65 | (1.14–2.38) | 1.90 | (1.39–2.59) | 319 | 1.54 | (0.90–2.63) | 1.68 | (0.96–2.95) | ||
50 or above | Physical factors | No | 806 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 299 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Vibration | 211 | 3.07 | (1.85–5.10) | 2.96 | (1.74–5.02) | 61 | 0.98 | (0.22–4.31) | 1.12 | (0.24–5.22) | ||
Noise | 49 | 4.34 | (1.97–9.57) | 4.96 | (2.16–11.36) | 8 | 4.79 | (0.62–36.88) | 3.39 | (0.38–30.05) | ||
Abnormal temperature | 115 | 0.98 | (0.40–2.44) | 0.99 | (0.39–2.50) | 51 | 0.52 | (0.06–4.18) | 0.63 | (0.07–5.48) | ||
Musculoskeletal factors | No | 653 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 181 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
Awkward posture | 328 | 2.26 | (1.42–3.60) | 2.30 | (1.43–3.70) | 98 | 2.58 | (0.83–7.97) | 2.15 | (0.64–7.17) | ||
Handling of heavy objects | 122 | 0.82 | (0.34–2.00) | 0.98 | (0.40–2.41) | 20 | - | - | - | - | ||
Repetitive task | 216 | 1.17 | (0.63–2.19) | 1.21 | (0.64–2.27) | 94 | 1.19 | (0.30–4.69) | 0.76 | (0.18–3.20) |
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Park, S.J.; Jung, M.; Sung, J.H. Influence of Physical and Musculoskeletal Factors on Occupational Injuries and Accidents in Korean Workers Based on Gender and Company Size. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 345. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030345
Park SJ, Jung M, Sung JH. Influence of Physical and Musculoskeletal Factors on Occupational Injuries and Accidents in Korean Workers Based on Gender and Company Size. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(3):345. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030345
Chicago/Turabian StylePark, Sang Jin, Myunghwan Jung, and Joo Hyun Sung. 2019. "Influence of Physical and Musculoskeletal Factors on Occupational Injuries and Accidents in Korean Workers Based on Gender and Company Size" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 3: 345. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030345