Validity of the Japanese Version of the Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment Screen
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Translation of the Qmci Screen
2.2. Study Settings and Participants
2.3. Data Analysis
2.4. Ethical Considerations
3. Results
3.1. Scenario 1
3.2. Scenario 2 (Using sMMSE-J Age-Adjusted Cut-Offs)
3.3. Scenario 3a (Normative Data Based on sMMSE-J Scores ≥27 Only)
3.4. Scenario 3b (Normative Data Based on sMMSE-J Scores ≥27 in Those Without Cognitive Symptoms or Supportive Features)
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total (n = 526) | Suspected Dementia (n = 16) | Suspected MCI (n = 214) | Normal Cognition (n = 351) | p-Value * | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
% or Mean ± SD | % or Mean ± SD | % or Mean ± SD | % or Mean ± SD | ||
Sex | 0.051 | ||||
Male | 47.3 | 56.3 | 54.7 | 43.6 | |
Female | 52.7 | 43.8 | 45.3 | 56.4 | |
Age (years) | 73.5 ± 5.6 | 78.0 ± 5.3 | 75.2 ± 5.6 | 72.5 ± 5.3 | <0.001 |
Education | <0.001 | ||||
Elementary school | 1.3 | 6.3 | 3.8 | 0.0 | |
Junior high school | 40.3 | 81.3 | 52.2 | 33.1 | |
High school | 44.7 | 12.5 | 35.2 | 50.4 | |
Some college/university/graduate school | 13.7 | 0.0 | 8.8 | 16.5 | |
Visual Impairment | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 0.89 |
Hearing Impairment | 2.7 | 18.8 | 2.5 | 2.0 | <0.001 |
Cut-off | Youden’s Index (J) | Sen (95%CI) | Spe (95%CI) | PPV (95%CI) | NPV (95%CI) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
54/55 | 0.29 | 0.43 | 0.36 | 0.51 | 0.86 | 0.82 | 0.90 | 0.61 | 0.52 | 0.70 | 0.75 | 0.71 | 0.80 |
55/56 | 0.32 | 0.47 | 0.39 | 0.55 | 0.85 | 0.81 | 0.89 | 0.61 | 0.52 | 0.69 | 0.76 | 0.72 | 0.80 |
56/57 | 0.32 | 0.51 | 0.44 | 0.59 | 0.81 | 0.77 | 0.85 | 0.58 | 0.50 | 0.66 | 0.77 | 0.72 | 0.81 |
57/58 | 0.33 | 0.55 | 0.48 | 0.63 | 0.78 | 0.74 | 0.83 | 0.56 | 0.48 | 0.64 | 0.78 | 0.73 | 0.82 |
58/59 | 0.35 | 0.59 | 0.52 | 0.67 | 0.76 | 0.71 | 0.80 | 0.55 | 0.48 | 0.62 | 0.79 | 0.74 | 0.83 |
59/60 | 0.37 | 0.65 | 0.57 | 0.72 | 0.72 | 0.67 | 0.76 | 0.53 | 0.46 | 0.60 | 0.80 | 0.75 | 0.85 |
60/61 | 0.41 | 0.73 | 0.65 | 0.79 | 0.68 | 0.63 | 0.73 | 0.53 | 0.47 | 0.60 | 0.83 | 0.79 | 0.87 |
61/62 | 0.38 | 0.74 | 0.67 | 0.81 | 0.64 | 0.59 | 0.69 | 0.51 | 0.45 | 0.57 | 0.83 | 0.78 | 0.88 |
62/63 | 0.38 | 0.79 | 0.72 | 0.85 | 0.59 | 0.54 | 0.64 | 0.49 | 0.43 | 0.55 | 0.85 | 0.80 | 0.89 |
63/64 | 0.35 | 0.83 | 0.76 | 0.88 | 0.52 | 0.47 | 0.57 | 0.46 | 0.41 | 0.52 | 0.86 | 0.80 | 0.90 |
64/65 | 0.33 | 0.86 | 0.80 | 0.91 | 0.47 | 0.42 | 0.53 | 0.45 | 0.39 | 0.50 | 0.87 | 0.81 | 0.91 |
65/66 | 0.29 | 0.87 | 0.81 | 0.92 | 0.42 | 0.37 | 0.47 | 0.43 | 0.38 | 0.48 | 0.87 | 0.80 | 0.91 |
Cut-off | Youden’s Index (J) | Sen (95%CI) | Spe (95%CI) | PPV (95%CI) | NPV (95%CI) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
40/41 | 0.47 | 0.50 | 0.25 | 0.75 | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.98 | 0.31 | 0.14 | 0.52 | 0.98 | 0.97 | 0.99 |
41/42 | 0.51 | 0.56 | 0.30 | 0.80 | 0.95 | 0.93 | 0.97 | 0.27 | 0.13 | 0.46 | 0.99 | 0.97 | 0.99 |
42/43 | 0.58 | 0.63 | 0.35 | 0.85 | 0.95 | 0.93 | 0.97 | 0.28 | 0.14 | 0.45 | 0.99 | 0.97 | 1.00 |
43/44 | 0.57 | 0.63 | 0.35 | 0.85 | 0.94 | 0.92 | 0.96 | 0.25 | 0.13 | 0.41 | 0.99 | 0.97 | 1.00 |
44/45 | 0.63 | 0.69 | 0.41 | 0.89 | 0.94 | 0.91 | 0.96 | 0.26 | 0.14 | 0.41 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 1.00 |
45/46 | 0.62 | 0.69 | 0.41 | 0.89 | 0.93 | 0.91 | 0.95 | 0.24 | 0.13 | 0.40 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 1.00 |
46/47 | 0.61 | 0.69 | 0.41 | 0.89 | 0.92 | 0.90 | 0.95 | 0.22 | 0.12 | 0.36 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 1.00 |
47/48 | 0.60 | 0.69 | 0.41 | 0.89 | 0.91 | 0.89 | 0.94 | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.33 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 1.00 |
48/49 | 0.59 | 0.69 | 0.41 | 0.89 | 0.90 | 0.87 | 0.92 | 0.17 | 0.09 | 0.29 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 1.00 |
49/50 | 0.57 | 0.69 | 0.41 | 0.89 | 0.88 | 0.85 | 0.91 | 0.16 | 0.08 | 0.26 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 1.00 |
50/51 | 0.61 | 0.75 | 0.48 | 0.93 | 0.86 | 0.83 | 0.89 | 0.14 | 0.08 | 0.24 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 1.00 |
51/52 | 0.60 | 0.75 | 0.48 | 0.93 | 0.85 | 0.82 | 0.88 | 0.14 | 0.07 | 0.23 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 1.00 |
52/53 | 0.59 | 0.75 | 0.48 | 0.93 | 0.84 | 0.80 | 0.87 | 0.13 | 0.07 | 0.21 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 1.00 |
53/54 | 0.62 | 0.81 | 0.54 | 0.96 | 0.81 | 0.77 | 0.84 | 0.12 | 0.06 | 0.19 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 1.00 |
54/55 | 0.59 | 0.81 | 0.54 | 0.96 | 0.78 | 0.74 | 0.82 | 0.11 | 0.06 | 0.17 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 1.00 |
55/56 | 0.64 | 0.88 | 0.62 | 0.98 | 0.76 | 0.72 | 0.80 | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.17 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 1.00 |
56/57 | 0.66 | 0.94 | 0.70 | 1.00 | 0.72 | 0.68 | 0.76 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.15 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.00 |
57/58 | 0.63 | 0.94 | 0.70 | 1.00 | 0.69 | 0.65 | 0.73 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.14 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 1.00 |
58/59 | 0.60 | 0.94 | 0.70 | 1.00 | 0.66 | 0.62 | 0.70 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.13 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 1.00 |
59/60 | 0.55 | 0.94 | 0.70 | 1.00 | 0.61 | 0.57 | 0.66 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.11 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 1.00 |
60/61 | 0.50 | 0.94 | 0.70 | 1.00 | 0.56 | 0.52 | 0.61 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.10 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 1.00 |
61/62 | 0.47 | 0.94 | 0.70 | 1.00 | 0.53 | 0.49 | 0.57 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.10 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 1.00 |
Education (years) | Age (years) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
65–69 | 70–74 | 75–79 | 80–84 | |
6–9 | 60 (52 to 66) | 63 (57 to 78) | 62.5 (57 to 66) | 61 (55 to 65) |
10–12 | 67 (61 to 73) | 66 (61 to 70.5) | 63 (58 to 67) | 58 (53 to 67) |
13+ | 70 (63 to 76) | 69 (64.5 to 73) | 66 (60 to 70) | 59 (59 to 70) |
Education (years) | Age (years) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
65–69 | 70–74 | 75–79 | 80–84 | |
6–9 | 62 (56 to 66) | 63 (56 to 68) | 63 (58 to 66) | 61.5 (54 to 65) |
10–12 | 67 (62 to 73) | 67 (62 to 70.5) | 63.5 (58 to 67) | 58 (53 to 67) |
13+ | 70 (63 to 75) | 65 (63 to 74) | 63.5 (61.5 to 65.5) | 59 (59 to 70) |
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Share and Cite
Morita, A.; O’Caoimh, R.; Murayama, H.; Molloy, D.W.; Inoue, S.; Shobugawa, Y.; Fujiwara, T. Validity of the Japanese Version of the Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment Screen. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 917. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16060917
Morita A, O’Caoimh R, Murayama H, Molloy DW, Inoue S, Shobugawa Y, Fujiwara T. Validity of the Japanese Version of the Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment Screen. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(6):917. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16060917
Chicago/Turabian StyleMorita, Ayako, Rónán O’Caoimh, Hiroshi Murayama, D. William Molloy, Shigeru Inoue, Yugo Shobugawa, and Takeo Fujiwara. 2019. "Validity of the Japanese Version of the Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment Screen" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 6: 917. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16060917