Association of the Use of a Heated Tobacco Product with Perceived Stress, Physical Activity, and Internet Use in Korean Adolescents: A 2018 National Survey
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Socio-Demographic Variables
2.2.2. Tobacco Ever-Use Categories
2.2.3. Perceived Stress
2.2.4. Physical Activity
2.2.5. Internet Use
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. General Characteristics
3.2. Perceived Stress, Physical Activity, and Internet Use According to Tobacco Ever-Use Categories
3.3. Association of Tobacco Use with Mental Health and Internet Use
4. Discussion
Limitations and Strengths
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Category | Tobacco Ever-Use Categories | p | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (Weighted %) | ||||||||||
Never-Smoke | Cigarette Only | E-Cigarette Only | HTP Only | Cigarette + E-Cigarette | Cigarette + HTP | E-Cigarette + HTP | Cigarette + E-Cigarette + HTP | |||
Total | 50,778 (83.8) | 4690 (7.9) | 571 (1.0) | 59 (0.1) | 2433 (4.4) | 147 (0.3) | 92 (0.2) | 1270 (2.3) | ||
Gender | Male | 23,770 (77.0) | 3074 (10.2) | 434 (1.5) | 41 (0.1) | 1951 (6.9) | 100 (0.4) | 72 (0.3) | 1021 (3.7) | <0.001 |
Female | 27,008 (91.3) | 1616 (5.4) | 137 (0.4) | 18 (0.1) | 482 (1.7) | 47 (0.2) | 20 (0.1) | 249 (0.9) | ||
Grade | Middle | 27,426 (90.5) | 1681 (5.6) | 197 (0.6) | 23 (0.1) | 643 (2.3) | 31 (0.1) | 24 (0.1) | 204 (0.7) | <0.001 |
High | 23,352 (78.1) | 3009 (9.9) | 374 (1.3) | 36 (0.1) | 1790 (6.2) | 116 (0.2) | 68 (0.2) | 1066 (3.7) | ||
Residential area | Large city | 22,667 (84.6) | 1995 (7.6) | 230 (0.8) | 22 (0.1) | 1014 (4.0) | 60 (0.2) | 52 (0.2) | 614 (2.4) | 0.009 |
Medium, small city | 24,333 (83.5) | 2290 (8.0) | 286 (1.1) | 32 (0.1) | 1253 (4.8) | 75 (0.3) | 26 (0.1) | 555 (2.2) | ||
Province | 3778 (81.4) | 405 (9.4) | 55 (1.4) | 5 (0.1) | 166 (4.3) | 12 (0.3) | 4 (0.1) | 101 (3.0) | ||
Academic performance | High | 20,772 (88.2) | 1386 (5.9) | 185 (0.8) | 32 (0.2) | 634 (3.0) | 49 (0.2) | 36 (0.2) | 326 (1.5) | <0.001 |
Middle | 15,195 (85.8) | 1278 (7.6) | 148 (0.9) | 14 (0.1) | 584 (3.7) | 31 (0.2) | 21 (0.1) | 255 (1.7) | ||
Low | 14,811 (76.8) | 2026 (10.6) | 238 (1.3) | 13 (0.1) | 1215 (6.8) | 67 (0.4) | 35 (0.2) | 689 (4.0) | ||
Family economic status | High | 20,720 (84.9) | 1699 (7.1) | 238 (1.0) | 32 (0.1) | 893 (4.0) | 59 (0.3) | 41 (0.2) | 525 (2.4) | <0.001 |
Middle | 23,799 (84.7) | 2123 (7.9) | 237 (0.9) | 16 (0.1) | 1055 (4.2) | 60 (0.2) | 34 (0.2) | 484 (1.9) | ||
Low | 6259 (77.4) | 868 (10.6) | 96 (1.3) | 11 (0.1) | 485 (6.4) | 28 (0.4) | 17 (0.2) | 261 (3.6) | ||
Alcohol drinking | Yes | 17,033 (68.2) | 3597 (14.4) | 404 (1.7) | 34 (0.1) | 2211 (9.4) | 132 (0.5) | 68 (0.3) | 1218 (5.3) | <0.001 |
No | 33,745 (95.3) | 1093 (3.1) | 167 (0.5) | 25 (0.1) | 222 (0.7) | 15 (0.0) | 24 (0.1) | 52 (0.2) |
Variable | Category | Tobacco Ever-Use Categories | p | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (Weighted %) | ||||||||||
Never-Smoke | Cigarette Only | E-Cigarette Only | HTP Only | Cigarette + E-Cigarette | Cigarette + HTP | E-Cigarette + HTP | Cigarette + E-Cigarette + HTP | |||
Total | 50,778 (83.8) | 4690 (7.9) | 571 (1.0) | 59 (0.1) | 2433 (4.4) | 147 (0.3) | 92 (0.2) | 1270 (2.3) | ||
Perceived stress | High | 20,188 (82.5) | 2087 (8.6) | 238 (1.0) | 24 (0.1) | 1071 (4.7) | 66 (0.3) | 35 (0.1) | 603 (2.7) | <0.001 |
Moderate | 21,273 (85.1) | 1762 (7.3) | 219 (0.9) | 16 (0.1) | 931 (4.1) | 54 (0.2) | 39 (0.2) | 444 (2.0) | ||
Low | 9417 (83.9) | 841 (7.7) | 114 (1.1) | 19 (0.2) | 431 (4.4) | 27 (0.3) | 18 (0.2) | 233 (2.2) | ||
Physical activity | ≥3 times/week | 31,886 (85.9) | 2663 (7.4) | 280 (0.8) | 22 (0.1) | 1261 (3.7) | 77 (0.2) | 42 (0.1) | 629 (1.9) | <0.001 |
<3 times/week | 18,892 (80.4) | 2027 (8.8) | 291 (1.3) | 37 (0.2) | 1172 (5.5) | 70 (0.3) | 50 (0.3) | 641 (3.1) | ||
Internet use | No | 8215 (75.2) | 1159 (10.7) | 163 (1.6) | 22 (0.2) | 672 (6.7) | 50 (0.5) | 39 (0.4) | 454 (4.8) | <0.001 |
Yes | 42,563 (85.7) | 3531 (7.3) | 408 (0.9) | 37 (0.1) | 1761 (3.9) | 97 (0.2) | 53 (0.1) | 816 (1.8) |
Tobacco Ever-Use Categories | Cigarette Only | E-Cigarette Only | HTP Only | Cigarette + E-Cigarette | Cigarette + HTP | E-Cigarette + HTP | Cigarette + E-Cigarette + HTP | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Category | |||||||
Perceived stress | High | 1.11 [1.02, 1.22] | 1.05 [0.82, 1.35] | 0.79 [0.41, 1.52] | 1.17 [1.03, 1.33] | 0.93 [0.60, 1.45] | 0.74 [0.38, 1.46] | 1.34 [1.13, 1.58] |
Moderate | 0.92 [0.84, 1.00] | 0.87 [0.70, 1.10] | 0.47 [0.24, 0.93] | 0.93 [0.82, 1.05] | 0.76 [0.48, 1.21] | 0.83 [0.44, 1.56] | 0.90 [0.76, 1.05] | |
Low | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Physical activity | ≥3 times/week | 1.06 [0.99, 1.13] | 1.33 [1.11, 1.60] | 3.68 [1.68, 5.60] | 1.15 [1.05, 1.25] | 1.52 [1.08, 2.14] | 1.66 [1.09, 2.51] | 1.36 [1.19, 1.55] |
<3 times/week | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Internet use | No | 1.55 [1.43, 1.67] | 1.90 [1.59, 2.26] | 2.95 [1.76, 4.97] | 1.77 [1.59, 1.97] | 2.43 [1.78, 3.34] | 3.41 [2.34, 4.97] | 2.66 [2.35, 3.01] |
Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
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Lee, A.; Lee, K.-S.; Park, H. Association of the Use of a Heated Tobacco Product with Perceived Stress, Physical Activity, and Internet Use in Korean Adolescents: A 2018 National Survey. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 965. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16060965
Lee A, Lee K-S, Park H. Association of the Use of a Heated Tobacco Product with Perceived Stress, Physical Activity, and Internet Use in Korean Adolescents: A 2018 National Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(6):965. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16060965
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Ahnna, Kang-Sook Lee, and Hanul Park. 2019. "Association of the Use of a Heated Tobacco Product with Perceived Stress, Physical Activity, and Internet Use in Korean Adolescents: A 2018 National Survey" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 6: 965. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16060965