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Article

Cardiorespiratory Fitness without Exercise Testing Can Predict All-Cause Mortality Risk in a Representative Sample of Korean Older Adults

College of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(9), 1633; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091633
Submission received: 16 April 2019 / Revised: 1 May 2019 / Accepted: 9 May 2019 / Published: 10 May 2019
(This article belongs to the Collection Physical Activity and Public Health)

Abstract

This study examined the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) without exercise testing and all-cause mortality in Korean older adults. The present study was carried out using data from the 2008 and 2011 Living Profiles of Older People Survey. A total of 14,122 participants aged 60 years and older (57% women) completed the 2008 baseline and 2011 follow-up assessments (i.e., socioeconomic status, health behaviors and conditions, and prevalence of chronic diseases), and they were included for the final analyses. CRF was estimated (eCRF) with sex-specific algorithms and classified as lower (lowest 25%), middle (middle 50%), and upper (highest 25%). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) across eCRF categories. In total, multivariable-adjusted HRs and 95% CIs were 1 for the upper eCRF group (referent), 1.059 (0.814~1.378) for the middle eCRF group, and 1.714 (1.304~2.253) for the lower eCRF group. In men, multivariable-adjusted HRs and 95% CIs were 1 for the upper eCRF group (referent), 1.011 (0.716~1.427) for the middle eCRF group, and 1.566 (1.098~2.234) for the lower eCRF group. In women, multivariable-adjusted HRs and 95% CIs were 1 for the upper eCRF group (referent), 1.064 (0.707~1.602) for the middle eCRF group, and 1.599 (1.032~2.478) for the lower eCRF group. The current findings suggest that eCRF may have an independent predictor of all-cause mortality, underscoring the importance of promoting physical activity to maintain a healthful level of CRF in Korean geriatric population.
Keywords: aging; gender; mortality; physical fitness aging; gender; mortality; physical fitness

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Song, M.; Lee, I.; Kang, H. Cardiorespiratory Fitness without Exercise Testing Can Predict All-Cause Mortality Risk in a Representative Sample of Korean Older Adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 1633. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091633

AMA Style

Song M, Lee I, Kang H. Cardiorespiratory Fitness without Exercise Testing Can Predict All-Cause Mortality Risk in a Representative Sample of Korean Older Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(9):1633. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091633

Chicago/Turabian Style

Song, Moongu, Inhwan Lee, and Hyunsik Kang. 2019. "Cardiorespiratory Fitness without Exercise Testing Can Predict All-Cause Mortality Risk in a Representative Sample of Korean Older Adults" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 9: 1633. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091633

APA Style

Song, M., Lee, I., & Kang, H. (2019). Cardiorespiratory Fitness without Exercise Testing Can Predict All-Cause Mortality Risk in a Representative Sample of Korean Older Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(9), 1633. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091633

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