Temperament and Sense of Coherence: Emotional Intelligence as a Mediator
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Assessment of the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A)
2.4. Assessment of the Orientation to Life Questionnaire (OLQ)
2.5. Assessment of the Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (INTE)
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Statistics
3.2. Testing for the Normality of Residuals, Multicollinearity, and Confounders
3.3. Correlations between the Study Variables
3.4. Mediations
4. Discussion
5. Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Scales | M | SD | Skewness | Kurtosis | α |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. DE | 0.46 | 0.19 | 0.28 | −0.18 | 0.75 |
2. CY | 0.47 | 0.24 | 0.06 | −0.88 | 0.85 |
3. HY | 0.45 | 0.20 | 0.01 | −0.44 | 0.78 |
4. IR | 0.31 | 0.21 | 0.62 | −0.31 | 0.82 |
5. AN | 0.42 | 0.23 | 0.14 | −0.78 | 0.86 |
6. CO | 32.63 | 8.55 | 0.48 | 0.64 | 0.71 |
7. MA | 50.29 | 9.60 | 0.01 | −0.60 | 0.79 |
8. ME | 38.02 | 9.33 | −0.36 | −0.30 | 0.80 |
9. OL | 121.22 | 22.51 | 0.03 | −0.29 | 0.88 |
10. EI | 123.03 | 16.82 | −0.59 | 0.68 | 0.88 |
Dimensions of Temperament | CO | MA | ME | OL | EI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Depressive | −0.43 *** | −0.64 *** | −0.54 *** | −0.66 *** | −0.32 *** |
Cyclothymic | −0.49 *** | −0.56 *** | −0.46 *** | −0.62 *** | −0.29 *** |
Hyperthymic | 0.34 *** | 0.41 *** | 0.53 *** | 0.53 *** | 0.39 *** |
Irritable | −0.33 *** | −0.54 *** | −0.40 *** | −0.52 *** | −0.33 *** |
Anxious | −0.50 *** | −0.58 *** | −0.31 *** | −0.57 *** | −0.19 * |
EI | 0.30 *** | 0.39 *** | 0.53 *** | 0.50 *** | — |
a Path | b Path | c Path | c’ Path | Indirect Effect | B(SE) | Lower CI | Upper CI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. DE–EI–CO | −28.18 *** | 0.42 *** | −76.95 *** | −64.83 *** | −12.1160 | 4.2749 | −21.3393 | −4.9238 |
2. DE–EI–MA | −28.18 *** | 0.11 *** | −31.99 *** | −28.71 *** | −3.2824 | 1.2654 | −5.9397 | −1.0964 |
3. DE–EI–ME | −28.18 *** | 0.22 *** | −25.93 *** | −19.70 *** | −6.2371 | 2.3791 | −11.6542 | −2.3373 |
4. DE–EI–OL | −28.18 *** | 0.42 *** | −76.95 *** | −64.83 *** | −12.1160 | 4.2951 | −21.6365 | −4.8290 |
5. CY–EI–CO | −20.67 *** | 0.08 | −17.44 *** | −15.65 *** | −1.7905 | 0.9721 | −3.9663 | −0.2523 |
6. CY–EI–MA | −20.67 *** | 0.14 *** | −22.21 *** | −19.29 *** | −2.9270 | 1.0793 | −5.2600 | −1.1168 |
7. CY–EI–ME | −20.67 *** | 0.23 *** | −17.88 *** | −12.92 *** | −4.9596 | 1.6969 | −8.6323 | −2.0151 |
8. CY–EI–OL | −20.67 *** | 0.46 *** | −57.55 *** | −47.87 *** | −9.6771 | 3.3532 | −17.1733 | −4.0022 |
9. HY–EI–CO | 32.45 *** | 0.10 (ni) | 14.39*** | 11.14 *** | 3.2509 | 1.6395 | 0.1610 | 6.4865 |
10. HY–EI–MA | 32.45 *** | 0.15 *** | 19.36*** | 14.31 *** | 5.0453 | 1.6207 | 2.2367 | 8.5635 |
11. HY–EI–ME | 32.45 *** | 0.21 *** | 24.29*** | 17.43 *** | 6.8571 | 2.3151 | 3.0070 | 11.8999 |
12. HY–EI–OL | 32.45 *** | 0.51 *** | 61.55*** | 42.22 *** | 19.3345 | 4.0042 | 11.6369 | 27.2898 |
13. IR–EI–CO | −25.55 *** | 0.10 ** | −13.08 *** | −10.28 *** | −2.8029 | 1.3590 | −6.0434 | −0.6856 |
14. IR–EI–MA | −25.55 *** | 0.13 *** | −23.89 *** | −20.40 *** | −3.4929 | 1.2400 | −6.2208 | −1.4522 |
15. IR–EI–ME | −25.55 *** | 0.24 *** | −17.43 *** | −11.10 *** | −6.3284 | 2.0159 | −10.7930 | −2.9083 |
16. IR–EI–OL | −25.55 *** | 0.49 *** | −54.42 *** | −41.79 *** | −12.6242 | 4.0136 | −21.2732 | −5.8575 |
17. AN–EI–CO | −14.23 ** | 0.10 ** | −18.61 *** | −17.08 *** | −1.5261 | 0.9311 | −3.6849 | −0.0765 |
18. AN–EI–MA | −14.23 ** | 0.16 *** | −23.87 *** | −21.51 *** | −2.3586 | 1.1373 | −4.6953 | −0.2421 |
19. AN–EI–ME | −14.23 ** | 0.27 *** | −12.48 *** | −8.60 ** | −3.8710 | 2.0551 | −8.4428 | −0.3687 |
20. AN–EI–OL | −14.23 ** | 0.54 *** | −54.97 *** | −47.21 *** | −7.7557 | 3.8812 | −16.0240 | −0.7991 |
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Szcześniak, M.; Strochalska, K. Temperament and Sense of Coherence: Emotional Intelligence as a Mediator. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 219. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010219
Szcześniak M, Strochalska K. Temperament and Sense of Coherence: Emotional Intelligence as a Mediator. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(1):219. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010219
Chicago/Turabian StyleSzcześniak, Małgorzata, and Klaudia Strochalska. 2020. "Temperament and Sense of Coherence: Emotional Intelligence as a Mediator" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 1: 219. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010219