Heavy Metals and Related Human Health Risk Assessment for River Waters in the Issyk−Kul Basin, Kyrgyzstan, Central Asia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampling and Analysis
2.2. Human Health Risk Assessment
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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NO | Latitude (°N) | Longitude (°E) | Elevation (m) | River | Sampling Date (L) | Sampling Date(H) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
K01 | 42.03494 | 77.60447 | 2210 | Barskoon | 21 May 2017 | 05 August 2017 |
K02 | 42.12865 | 76.58558 | 1935 | Ak-Terek | 23 May 2017 | 06 August 2017 |
K03 | 42.18226 | 77.56650 | 1615 | Ak-Terek | 21 May 2017 | 05 August 2017 |
K04 | 42.22949 | 77.95718 | 1950 | Juuku | 20 May 2017 | 04 August 2017 |
K05 | 42.24544 | 76.35191 | 1850 | Tuura-Suu | 23 May 2017 | 07 August 2017 |
K06 | 42.28658 | 78.10559 | 2023 | Chon Kyzyl-Suu | 19 May 2017 | 03 August 2017 |
K07 | 42.31846 | 76.39488 | 1664 | Tuura-Suu | 23 May 2017 | 07 August 2017 |
K08 | 42.31882 | 77.90189 | 1693 | Juuku | 20 May 2017 | 04 August 2017 |
K09 | 42.34861 | 77.99841 | 1736 | Chon Kuzul-Suu | 19 May 2017 | 03 August 2017 |
K10 | 42.43021 | 78.42594 | 1959 | Karakol | 18 May 2017 | 02 August 2017 |
K11 | 42.45497 | 78.54606 | 1976 | Ak-Suu | 18 May 2017 | 01 August 2017 |
K12 | 42.49698 | 78.37384 | 1722 | Karakol | 18 May 2017 | 02 August 2017 |
K13 | 42.51473 | 78.52718 | 1774 | Ak-Suu | 18 May 2017 | 01 August 2017 |
K14 | 42.59347 | 78.38598 | 1634 | Jurgalan | 17 May 2017 | 31 July 2017 |
K15 | 42.65318 | 78.88481 | 1903 | Jurgalan | 17 May 2017 | 31 July 2017 |
K16 | 42.71734 | 77.47164 | 1745 | Chon Ak-Suu | 15 May 2017 | 29 July 2017 |
K17 | 42.73564 | 78.83572 | 1857 | Tyup | 16 May 2017 | 30 July 2017 |
K18 | 42.73828 | 78.34636 | 1623 | Tyup | 16 May 2017 | 30 July 2017 |
K19 | 42.75582 | 77.47808 | 1862 | Chon Ak−Suu | 15 May 2017 | 29 July 2017 |
Indicators | Minimum | Maximum | Mean | Median | Standard Deviation | Standard Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zna (μg L−1) | 0.634 | 9.75 | 5.43 | 5.06 | 2.13 | 0.49 |
Cua (μg L−1) | 1.08 | 8.51 | 3.64 | 3.54 | 2.29 | 0.526 |
Pba (μg L−1) | 0.01 | 2.19 | 1.01 | 0.9 | 0.641 | 0.147 |
Cra (mg L−1) | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.032 | 0.03 | 0.011 | 0.003 |
Asa (μg L−1) | 0.461 | 2.08 | 1.17 | 1.04 | 0.496 | 0.114 |
pH | 7.55 | 8.94 | 8.2 | 8.11 | 0.472 | 0.108 |
TDS (mg L−1) | 110 | 355 | 204 | 172 | 71.3 | 16.3 |
EC (μS cm−1) | 60 | 299 | 145 | 115 | 71.1 | 16.3 |
Ca2+ (mg L−1) | 14.7 | 44.6 | 25.2 | 20.9 | 8.8 | 2.02 |
Mg2+ (mg L−1) | 1.7 | 10.9 | 4.6 | 3.33 | 3.05 | 0.7 |
Na+ (mg L−1) | 0.522 | 8.23 | 2.86 | 1.87 | 2.33 | 0.534 |
K+ (mg L−1) | 1.1 | 2.65 | 1.5 | 1.36 | 0.407 | 0.093 |
HCO3 −(mg L−1) | 78.6 | 250 | 140 | 125 | 44.8 | 10.3 |
SO42− (mg L−1) | 8.21 | 53.8 | 23.8 | 17.6 | 13.9 | 3.19 |
Cl −(mg L−1) | 0.926 | 10 | 2.75 | 1.55 | 2.42 | 0.556 |
Indicators | Minimum | Maximum | Mean | Median | Standard Deviation | Standard Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zna (μg L−1) | 0.359 | 26.30 | 9.60 | 8.2 | 6.79 | 1.56 |
Cua (μg L−1) | 0.297 | 12.5 | 4.23 | 3.09 | 3.62 | 0.831 |
Pba (μg L−1) | 0 | 4.06 | 1.52 | 1.32 | 1.26 | 0.29 |
Cra (mg L−1) | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.036 | 0.03 | 0.015 | 0.003 |
Asa (μg L−1) | 0.134 | 3.03 | 1.25 | 0.869 | 0.889 | 0.204 |
pH | 7.79 | 8.84 | 8.25 | 8.17 | 0.311 | 0.071 |
TDS (mg L−1) | 119 | 392 | 217 | 186 | 89.6 | 20.6 |
EC (μS cm−1) | 71 | 352 | 170 | 138 | 88 | 20.2 |
Ca2+ (mg L−1) | 17.4 | 53 | 30.7 | 27.3 | 11.9 | 2.72 |
Mg2+ (mg L−1) | 1.64 | 13.4 | 5.42 | 4.34 | 3.46 | 0.795 |
Na+ (mg L−1) | 0.744 | 9.12 | 3.07 | 1.27 | 2.78 | 0.637 |
K+ (mg L−1) | 1.1 | 2.65 | 1.5 | 1.36 | 0.407 | 0.093 |
HCO3 −(mg L−1) | 0.838 | 2.46 | 1.5 | 1.45 | 0.395 | 0.091 |
SO42− (mg L−1) | 84.3 | 287 | 144 | 111 | 62.4 | 14.3 |
Cl −(mg L−1) | 6.9 | 49.2 | 27.4 | 21.8 | 14.2 | 3.26 |
Ca2+ (mg L−1) | 0.471 | 6.37 | 2.23 | 1.13 | 1.9 | 0.437 |
Stage | Heavy metals | Minimum a | Maximum b | Mean | Median |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
H | Zn (non.HQ) | 3.27 × 10−5 | 2.40 × 10−3 | 8.76 × 10−4 | 7.49 × 10−4 |
Cu (non. HQ) | 2.04 × 10−4 | 8.59 × 10−3 | 2.89 × 10−3 | 2.12 × 10−3 | |
Pb (non. HQ) | 0 | 3.18 × 10−4 | 1.19 × 10−4 | 1.03 × 10−4 | |
Cr (non. HQ) | 9.13 × 10−2 | 6.39 × 10−1 | 3.32 × 10−1 | 2.74 × 10−1 | |
As (non. HQ) | 1.22 × 10−2 | 2.77 × 10−1 | 1.14 × 10−1 | 7.93 × 10−2 | |
As (Cancer.R) | 5.51 × 10−6 | 1.25 × 10−4 | 5.12 × 10−5 | 3.57 × 10−5 | |
L | Zn (non.HQ) | 5.79 × 10−5 | 8.90 × 10−4 | 4.96 × 10−4 | 4.62 × 10−4 |
Cu (non. HQ) | 7.42 × 10−4 | 5.83 × 10−3 | 2.49 × 10−3 | 2.42 × 10−3 | |
Pb (non. HQ) | 8.05 × 10−7 | 1.72 × 10−4 | 7.90 × 10−5 | 7.04 × 10−5 | |
Cr (non. HQ) | 9.13 × 10−2 | 4.57 × 10−1 | 2.89 × 10−1 | 2.74 × 10−1 | |
As (non. HQ) | 4.21 × 10−2 | 1.89 × 10−1 | 1.06 × 10−1 | 9.48 × 10−2 | |
As (Cancer.R) | 1.89 × 10−5 | 8.53 × 10−5 | 4.79 × 10−5 | 4.27 × 10−5 |
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Liu, W.; Ma, L.; Li, Y.; Abuduwaili, J.; Abdyzhapar uulu, S. Heavy Metals and Related Human Health Risk Assessment for River Waters in the Issyk−Kul Basin, Kyrgyzstan, Central Asia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 3506. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103506
Liu W, Ma L, Li Y, Abuduwaili J, Abdyzhapar uulu S. Heavy Metals and Related Human Health Risk Assessment for River Waters in the Issyk−Kul Basin, Kyrgyzstan, Central Asia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(10):3506. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103506
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Wen, Long Ma, Yaoming Li, Jilili Abuduwaili, and Salamat Abdyzhapar uulu. 2020. "Heavy Metals and Related Human Health Risk Assessment for River Waters in the Issyk−Kul Basin, Kyrgyzstan, Central Asia" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10: 3506. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103506