Substance Use Disorder in Adult-Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients: Patterns of Use and Related Clinical Features
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design of the Study
2.2. Sample
2.3. Instruments
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of the Sample at Treatment Entry
3.2. Modality of Substance Use
3.3. Discriminant Clinical Characteristics according to Substance-Use Clustering
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Substance | Substance Use | Factor Analysis * | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Never n (%) | Past n (%) | Current n (%) | Past/Current n (%) | S-CNS Alcohol | THC BDZ | |
THC | 9 (12.5) | 14 (19.4) | 5 (6.9) | 44 (61.1) | 0.08 | −0.82 |
Cocaine | 29 (40.3) | 12 (16.7) | 2 (2.8) | 29 (40.3) | 0.58 | 0.07 |
MDMA | 54 (75.0) | 12 (16.7) | 2 (2.8) | 29 (40.3) | 0.89 | −0.12 |
Amphetamines | 58 (80.6) | 11 (15.3) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (4.2) | 0.90 | −0.12 |
Alcohol | 35 (48.6) | 8 (11.1) | 8 (11.1) | 21 (29.2) | 0.40 | 0.34 |
Benzodiazepines | 61 (84.7) | 5 (6.9) | 2 (2.8) | 4 (5.6) | 0.00 | 0.79 |
Opioids | 61 (84.7) | 8 (11.1) | 1 (1.4) | 2 (5.6) | 0.33 | 0.26 |
Variance (%) | 31.57 | 21.57 | ||||
Patients with prominent use N (%) | 44 (61.1) | 28 (38.9) |
Total Score on: | TYPE 1 S-CNS/ Alcohol N = 44 | TYPE 2 THC BDZ N = 28 | T | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
Age | 25.23 (8.4) | 30.39 (10.8) | −2.27 | 0.026 |
N (%) | N (%) | Chi | p | |
Male gender | ||||
Single civil status | 39 (92.9) | 22 (78.6) | 3.06 | 0.080 |
Student/working | 24 (58.5) | 17 (60.7) | 0.03 | 0.856 |
Legal problems | 14 (31.8) | 3 (10.7) | 3.90 | 0.048 |
Diagnostic | N (%) | N (%) | Chi | p |
DIVA 2.0—Combined | 35 (81.4) | 22 (78.6) | 0.08 | 0.770 |
DIVA 2.0—Inattentive | 5 (11.6) | 5 (17.9) | 0.54 | 0.461 |
DIVA 2.0—Hyper-Impulsive | 3 (7.0) | 1 (3.6) | 0.37 | 0.543 |
ADHD symptomatology | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | T | p |
CAARS—Inattentive | 17.18 (5.1) | 17.39 (5.5) | −0.17 | 0.868 |
CAARS—Hyper/Impulsive | 15.70 (5.2) | 16.11 (7.0) | −0.28 | 0.781 |
CAARS—Combined | 32.48 (9.0) | 33.39 (11.3) | −0.38 | 0.704 |
CAARS Index | 22.66 (5.2) | 24.18 (5.5) | −1.17 | 0.244 |
RiPoSt-40 | 219.14 (43.8) | 224.43 (47.3) | −0.48 | 0.634 |
BIS-11 | 83.33 (10.3) | 82.89 (12.5) | 0.16 | 0.874 |
General Psychopathology | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | T | p |
BPRS | 41.98 (16.6) | 43.68 (15.1) | −0.44 | 0.662 |
HCL-32 | 18.86 (5.9) | 16.61 (5.9) | 1.57 | 0.120 |
MEQ | 42.47 (13.0) | 50.11 (7.3) | −3.07 | 0.003 |
Functionality | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | T | p |
WHODAS 2.0 | 2.59 (0.64 | 2.69 (0.90 | −0.56 | 0.577 |
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Spera, V.; Pallucchini, A.; Maiello, M.; Carli, M.; Maremmani, A.G.I.; Perugi, G.; Maremmani, I. Substance Use Disorder in Adult-Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients: Patterns of Use and Related Clinical Features. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 3509. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103509
Spera V, Pallucchini A, Maiello M, Carli M, Maremmani AGI, Perugi G, Maremmani I. Substance Use Disorder in Adult-Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients: Patterns of Use and Related Clinical Features. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(10):3509. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103509
Chicago/Turabian StyleSpera, Vincenza, Alessandro Pallucchini, Marco Maiello, Marco Carli, Angelo G. I. Maremmani, Giulio Perugi, and Icro Maremmani. 2020. "Substance Use Disorder in Adult-Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients: Patterns of Use and Related Clinical Features" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10: 3509. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103509