Uterine Fibroids Increase the Risk of Thyroid Cancer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Data Source
2.2. Sampled Participants
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
List of Abbreviations
References
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Uterine Fibroids | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | ||
(N = 57,066) | (N = 57,066) | ||
Age stratified | 0.34 | ||
≤34 | 10,577 (20.8) | 10,613 (20.9) | |
35–49 | 32,102 (63.2) | 32,237 (69.5) | |
50+ | 8087 (15.9) | 7916 (15.6) | |
Age, mean ± SD a | 41.9 ± 9.40 | 42.2 ± 8.76 | <0.001 |
Monthly insured income (NTD) † | 0.99 | ||
<15,000 | 16,230 (32.0) | 16,223 (32.0) | |
15,000–30,000 | 17,549 (34.6) | 17,538 (34.6) | |
>30,000 | 16,987 (33.5) | 17,005 (33.5) | |
Urbanization level ‡ | |||
1 (highest) | 18,249 (36.0) | 18,215 (35.9) | |
2 | 15,210 (30.0) | 15,202 (30.0) | |
3 | 8434 (16.6) | 8448 (16.6) | |
4 (lowest) | 8873 (17.5) | 8901 (17.5) | |
Occupation category | 0.92 | ||
Office worker | 30,225 (59.6) | 30,196 (59.5) | |
Laborer | 17,096 (33.7) | 17,132 (33.8) | |
Other & | 3415 (6.73) | 3438 (6.77) | |
Comorbidity | |||
Hashimoto’s thyroditis | 95 (0.19) | 94 (0.19) | 0.94 |
Goiter | 3202 (6.31) | 3369 (6.64) | 0.03 |
Hypertension | 6889 (13.6) | 7039 (13.9) | 0.17 |
Diabetes | 797 (1.57) | 873 (1.72) | 0.06 |
Hyperlipidemia | 7006 (13.8) | 7153 (14.1) | 0.18 |
COPD | 2971 (5.85) | 3140 (6.19) | 0.03 |
Alcohol-related illness | 679 (1.34) | 703 (1.38) | 0.52 |
Uterine Fibroids | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | |||||||
Variable | Event | PY | Rate # | Event | PY | Rate # | Crude HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR $ (95% CI) |
All | 89 | 377,567 | 2.36 | 148 | 379,170 | 3.90 | 1.65 (1.27, 2.15) *** | 1.64 (1.26, 2.13) *** |
Age group, years | ||||||||
≤34 | 16 | 75,278 | 2.13 | 19 | 76,688 | 2.48 | 1.16 (0.60, 2.26) | 1.12 (0.58, 2.19) |
35–49 | 60 | 244,733 | 2.45 | 102 | 246,238 | 4.14 | 1.69 (1.23, 2.32) ** | 1.67 (1.22, 2.30) ** |
50+ | 13 | 57,555 | 2.26 | 27 | 56,245 | 4.80 | 2.12 (1.10, 4.12) * | 1.93 (0.99, 3.76) |
Insured monthly income (NTD) † | ||||||||
<15,000 | 25 | 107,172 | 2.33 | 30 | 107,592 | 2.79 | 1.19 (0.70, 2.03) | 1.18 (0.69, 2.01) |
15,000–30,000 | 28 | 135,197 | 2.07 | 52 | 136,471 | 3.81 | 1.84 (1.16, 2.91) ** | 1.81 (1.15, 2.87) * |
>30,000 | 36 | 135,197 | 2.66 | 66 | 135,108 | 4.88 | 1.83 (1.22, 2.75) ** | 1.82 (1.21, 2.73) ** |
Urbanization level ‡ | ||||||||
1 (highest) | 32 | 137,981 | 2.32 | 51 | 138,141 | 3.69 | 1.59 (1.02, 2.48) * | 1.59 (1.02, 2.47) * |
2 | 30 | 113,164 | 2.65 | 49 | 113,672 | 4.31 | 1.62 (1.03, 2.56) * | 1.60 (1.01, 2.51) * |
3 | 16 | 61,871 | 2.59 | 15 | 62,703 | 2.39 | 0.92 (0.46, 1.87) | 0.91 (0.45, 1.84) |
4 (lowest) | 11 | 64,551 | 2.59 | 33 | 64,653 | 5.10 | 3.00 (1.52, 5.93) ** | 2.96 (1.49, 5.85) ** |
Occupation category | ||||||||
Office worker | 54 | 223,429 | 2.42 | 80 | 224,066 | 3.57 | 1.48 (1.05, 2.08) * | 1.46 (1.04, 2.06) * |
Laborer | 30 | 130,080 | 2.31 | 58 | 130,767 | 4.44 | 1.92 (1.24, 2.99) ** | 1.90 (1.22, 2.95) ** |
Other & | 5 | 24,058 | 2.08 | 10 | 24,337 | 4.11 | 1.98 (0.68, 5.78) | 1.94 (0.66, 5.68) |
Comorbidity | ||||||||
No | 52 | 266,441 | 1.95 | 84 | 266,508 | 3.15 | 1.61 (1.14, 2.28) ** | 1.61 (1.14, 2.27) ** |
Yes | 37 | 111,126 | 3.33 | 64 | 112,662 | 5.68 | 1.71 (1.14, 2.56) ** | 1.70 (1.14, 2.55) * |
Follow-up period | ||||||||
<1 year | 10 | 50,599 | 1.98 | 21 | 50,618 | 4.15 | 2.10 (0.99, 4.46) | 2.04 (0.96, 4.33) |
1–5 years | 33 | 169,545 | 1.95 | 62 | 169,907 | 3.65 | 1.87 (1.23, 2.86) ** | 1.84 (1.21, 2.81) ** |
≧5 years | 46 | 157,423 | 2.92 | 65 | 158,645 | 4.10 | 1.40 (0.96, 2.04) | 1.40 (0.96, 2.04) |
Variable | Event | PY | Rate # | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR † (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control patients | 89 | 377,567 | 2.36 | 1.00 | |
Uterine fibroids patients | |||||
Myomectomy | |||||
No | 106 | 275,774 | 3.84 | 1.61 (1.21, 2.13) ** | 1.00 |
Yes | 42 | 103,397 | 4.06 | 1.71 (1.19, 2.47) ** | 1.06 (0.74, 1.52) |
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Sun, L.-M.; Chung, L.-M.; Lin, C.-L.; Kao, C.-H. Uterine Fibroids Increase the Risk of Thyroid Cancer. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 3821. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113821
Sun L-M, Chung L-M, Lin C-L, Kao C-H. Uterine Fibroids Increase the Risk of Thyroid Cancer. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(11):3821. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113821
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, Li-Min, Li-Min Chung, Cheng-Li Lin, and Chia-Hung Kao. 2020. "Uterine Fibroids Increase the Risk of Thyroid Cancer" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11: 3821. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113821