Prevalence, Disability and Associated Factors of Playing-Related Musculoskeletal Pain among Musicians: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Questionnaires
2.4. Statistical Methods
3. Results
3.1. Musicians’ Characteristics
3.2. Prevalence and Disability of PRMD
3.3. Associated Factors of PRMD
4. Discussion
Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Total | Females (n = 99) | Males (n = 114) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) (Median (IQR)) * | 26 (18.5) | 23 (14) | 29.5 (19.25) | <0.001 |
BMI (n (%)) | 0.002 | |||
Underweight and Adequate Weight ( <25 kg/m2) | 150 (70.4) | 80 (80.8) | 70 (61.4) | |
Overweight and Obesity ( ≥25 kg/m2) | 63 (29.6) | 19 (19.2) | 44 (38.6) | |
Dominant Hand (n (%)) | 0.988 | |||
Right Handed | 198 (93.0) | 92 (92.9) | 106 (93.0) | |
Left Handed | 15 (7.0) | 7 (7.1) | 8 (7.0) | |
Years Playing (Median (IQR)) * | 15 (14) | 14 (11) | 18 (18) | 0.036 |
Weekly Playing Time (n (%)) | 0.003 | |||
<14 h | 128 (60.1) | 70 (70.7) | 58 (50.9) | |
≥15 h | 85 (39.9) | 29 (29.3) | 56 (49.1) | |
Instrumental Group (n (%)) | <0.001 | |||
String | 39 (19.4) | 31 (33.0) | 8 (7.5) | |
Keyboard | 34 (16.9) | 23 (24.5) | 11 (10.3) | |
Plucked | 29 (14.4) | 4 (4.3) | 25 (23.4) | |
Woodwind | 60 (29.9) | 25 (26.6) | 35 (32.7) | |
Brass | 20 (10.0) | 6 (6.4) | 14 (13.1) | |
Percussion | 19 (9.5) | 5 (5.3) | 14 (13.1) | |
Number of Instruments Played (n (%)) | 0.403 | |||
1 | 199 (93.4) | 94 (94.9) | 105 (92.1) | |
>1 | 14 (6.6) | 5 (5.1) | 9 (7.9) | |
Elevated Arm Position while Playing (n (%)) | 0.008 | |||
Yes | 53 (24.9) | 33 (33.3) | 20 (17.5) | |
No | 160 (75.1) | 66 (66.7) | 94 (82.5) | |
Asymmetric Instrument (n (%)) | 0.957 | |||
Yes | 105 (49.3) | 49 (49.5) | 56 (49.1) | |
No | 108 (50.7) | 50 (50.5) | 58 (50.9) | |
Symptomatology in the last 7 days (n (%)) | 0.010 | |||
Yes | 154 (72.3) | 80 (80.8) | 74 (64.9) | |
No | 59 (27.7) | 19 (19.2) | 40 (35.1) |
Variable | Total | Symptomatic (n = 154) | Asymptomatic (n = 59) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender (n (%)) | 0.010 | |||
Females | 99 (46.5) | 80 (51.9) | 19 (32.2) | |
Males | 114 (53.5) | 74 (48.1) | 40 (67.8) | |
Age (years) (Median (IQR)) * | 26 (18.5) | 26.5 (18.25) | 26 (22) | 0.658 |
BMI (n (%)) | 0.002 | |||
Underweight and Adequate Weight (<25 kg/m2) | 150 (70.4) | 99 (64.3) | 51 (86.4) | |
Overweight and Obesity (≥ 25 kg/m2) | 63 (29.6) | 55 (35.7) | 8 (13.6) | |
Dominant Hand (n (%)) | 0.926 | |||
Right Handed | 198 (93.0) | 143 (92.9) | 55 (93.2) | |
Left Handed | 15 (7.0) | 11 (7.1) | 4 (6.8) | |
Years Playing (Median (IQR)) * | 15 (14) | 16 (13.5) | 15 (15) | 0.513 |
Weekly Playing Time (n (%)) | 0.003 | |||
<14 h | 128 (60.1) | 83 (53.9) | 45 (76.3) | |
≥15 h | 85 (39.9) | 71 (46.1) | 14 (23.7) | |
Instrumental Group (n (%)) | 0.141 | |||
String | 39 (19.4) | 34 (23.6) | 5 (8.8) | |
Keyboard | 34 (16.9) | 21 (14.6) | 13 (22.8) | |
Plucked | 29 (14.4) | 20 (13.9) | 9 (15.8) | |
Woodwind | 60 (29.9) | 39 (27.1) | 21 (36.8) | |
Brass | 20 (10.0) | 15 (10.4) | 5 (8.8) | |
Percussion | 19 (9.5) | 15 (10.4) | 4 (7.0) | |
Number of Instruments Played (n (%)) | 0.246 | |||
1 | 199 (93.4) | 142 (92.2) | 57 (96.6) | |
>1 | 14 (6.6) | 12 (7.8) | 2 (3.4) | |
Elevated Arm Position while Playing (n (%)) | 0.097 | |||
Yes | 53 (24.9) | 43 (27.9) | 10 (16.9) | |
No | 160 (75.1) | 111 (72.1) | 49 (83.1) | |
Asymmetric Instrument (n (%)) | 0.211 | |||
Yes | 105 (49.3) | 80 (51.9) | 25 (42.4) | |
No | 108 (50.7) | 74 (48.1) | 34 (57.6) |
Location of Trouble | Questions | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Have You at Any Time during the Last 12 Months Had Trouble (Ache, Pain, Discomfort) in? (n (%)) | Have You at Any Time during the Last 12 Months Been Prevented from Doing Your Normal Work (at Home or away from Home) Because of the Trouble? (n (%)) | Have You Had Trouble at Any Time during the Last Seven Days? (n (%)) | ||||
Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | |
Any Area | 202 (94.8) | 11 (5.2) | 99 (46.5) | 114 (53.5) | 154 (72.3) | 59 (27.7) |
Neck | 157 (73.7) | 56 (26.3) | 41 (19.2) | 172 (80.8) | 97 (45.5) | 116 (54.5) |
Shoulders | 126 (59.2) | 87 (40.8) | 33 (15.5) | 180 (84.5) | 79 (31.7) | 134 (62.9) |
Elbows | 37 (17.4) | 176 (82.6) | 13 (6.1) | 200 (93.9) | 18 (8.5) | 195 (91.5) |
Wrists/Hands | 110 (51.6) | 103 (48.4) | 42 (19.7) | 171 (80.3) | 68 (31.9) | 145 (68.1) |
Upper Back | 93 (43.7) | 120 (56.3) | 25 (11.7) | 188 (88.3) | 58 (27.2) | 155 (72.8) |
Low Back | 122 (57.3) | 91 (42.7) | 40 (18.8) | 173 (81.2) | 73 (34.3) | 140 (65.7) |
Hips/Thighs | 31 (14.6) | 182 (85.4) | 12 (5.6) | 201 (94.4) | 12 (5.6) | 201 (94.4) |
Knees | 45 (21.1) | 168 (78.9) | 9 (4.2) | 204 (95.8) | 24 (11.3) | 189 (88.7) |
Ankles/Feet | 30 (14.1) | 183 (85.9) | 6 (2.8) | 207 (97.2) | 15 (7.0) | 198 (93.0) |
Affected Areas | Total | Women | Men | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
No Problem | 59 (27.7) | 19 (19.2) | 40 (35.1) | 0.002 |
1 Area | 30 (14.1) | 11 (11.1) | 19 (16.1) | |
2−4 Areas | 102 (47.9) | 52 (52.2) | 50 (43.9) | |
5 or more Areas | 22 (10.3) | 17 (17.2) | 5 (4.4) |
Index | Pain/Disability | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Women | Men | p-Value | |
NDI (n (%)) | <0.001 | |||
No Disability (0%−8%) | 122 (57.3) | 40 (40.4) | 82 (71.9) | |
Mild Disability (10%−28%) | 72 (33.8) | 44 (44.4) | 28 (24.6) | |
Moderate Disability (30%−48%) | 16 (7.5) | 12 (12.1) | 4 (3.5) | |
Severe Disability (50%−64%) | 3 (1.4) | 3 (3.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
Complete Disability | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
ODI (n (%)) | 0.303 | |||
Minimal Disability (0%−20%) | 189 (88.7) | 85 (85.9) | 104 (91.2) | |
Moderate Disability (21%−40%) | 21 (9.9) | 13 (13.1) | 8 (7.0) | |
Severe Disability (41%−60%) | 3 (1.4) | 1 (1.0) | 2 (1.8) | |
Crippled (61%−80%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
Bed-Bound (81%−100%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
SPADI (Median (IQR)) | ||||
Pain | 18 (46) | 32 (50) | 10 (26) | <0.001 * |
Disability | 2.5 (18.75) | 8.75 (23.75) | 0 (9.06) | <0.001 * |
Total Score | 9.23 (27.31) | 19.23 (31.54) | 4.23 (18.27) | <0.001 * |
Index | Pain/Disability | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Women | Men | p-Value | |
NDI (n = 97) (n (%)) | 0.010 | |||
No Disability (0%−8%) | 32 (33.0) | 12 (21.1) | 20 (50) | |
Mild Disability (10%−28%) | 47 (48.5) | 30 (52.6) | 17 (42.5) | |
Moderate Disability (30%−48%) | 15 (15.5) | 12 (21.1) | 3 (7.5) | |
Severe Disability (50%−64%) | 3 (3.1) | 3 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
Complete Disability | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
ODI (n = 73) (n (%)) | 0.965 | |||
Minimal Disability (0%−20%) | 59 (80.0) | 35 (81.4) | 24 (80.0) | |
Moderate Disability (21%−40%) | 12 (16.4) | 7 (16.3) | 5 (16.7) | |
Severe Disability (41%−60%) | 2 (2.7) | 1 (2.3) | 1 (3.3) | |
Crippled (61%−80%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
Bed-Bound (81%−100%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
SPADI (n = 79) (Median (IQR)) | ||||
Pain | 38 (44) | 46 (37.5) | 20 (40) | <0.001 * |
Disability | 12.5 (25) | 15 (25) | 3.75 (21.87) | 0.017 * |
Total Score | 23.85 (30) | 28.08 (24.81) | 10 (28.07) | 0.003 * |
Variable | Any Area | Neck | Shoulders | Elbows | Wrists/Hands |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||||
Males | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Females | 4.38 (2.11−9.12) * | 4.19 (2.19−8.03) * | 3.61 (1.95−6.69) * | 2.48 (0.89−6.88) | 2.59 (1.36−4.93) * |
Age (Years) | NC | NC | 0.99 (0.97−1.01) | NC | NC |
BMI | NC | NC | |||
Underweight and Adequate Weight | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
Overweight and Obesity | 5.32 (2.18−12.97) * | 2.85 (1.45−5.63) * | 1.98 (1.01−3.86) * | ||
Dominant Hand | NC | NC | NC | NC | |
Right Handed | 1 | ||||
Left Handed | 0.14 (0.02−1.07) | ||||
Years Playing | NC | NC | NC | 1.03 (0.99−1.07) | NC |
Weekly Time Playing | NC | 11.91 (1.02−3.58) * | |||
<14 h | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
≥15 h | 3.86 (1.80−8.29) * | 2.60 (1.38−4.88) * | 2.03 (1.09−3.78) * | ||
Elevated Arm Position while Playing | NC | NC | NC | NC | |
Yes | 1.52 (0.62−3.70) | ||||
No | 1 | ||||
Asymmetric Instrument | |||||
Yes | 1.82 (0.93−3.55) | 1.77 (0.98−3.19) | 1.73 (0.96−3.11) | 0.49 (0.17−1.38) | 0.70 (0.38−1.29) |
No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Variable | Upper Back | Low Back | Hips/Thighs | Knees | Ankles/Feet |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | NC | ||||
Males | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Females | 2.39 (1.29−4.44) * | 2.76 (1.48−5.14) * | 3.25 (0.89−11.80) | 3.50 (1.08−11.33) * | |
Age (Years) | 0.98 (0.95−1.01) | NC | NC | NC | NC |
BMI | NC | ||||
Underweight and Adequate Weight | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Overweight and Obesity | 2.74 (1.42−5.30) * | 3.40 (0.99−11.61) | 4.90 (2.01−11.91) * | 4.12 (1.34−12.66) * | |
Dominant Hand | NC | NC | NC | NC | |
Right handed | 1 | ||||
Left Handed | 1.84 (0.60−5.68) | ||||
Years Playing | NC | NC | NC | NC | NC |
Weekly Time Playing | NC | NC | NC | NC | NC |
<14 h | |||||
≥15 h | |||||
Elevated Arm Position While Playing | NC | NC | NC | NC | |
Yes | 0.98 (0.45−2.14) | ||||
No | 1 | ||||
Asymmetric Instrument | NC | NC | NC | NC | |
Yes | 1.52 (0.82−2.84) | ||||
No | 1 |
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Gómez-Rodríguez, R.; Díaz-Pulido, B.; Gutiérrez-Ortega, C.; Sánchez-Sánchez, B.; Torres-Lacomba, M. Prevalence, Disability and Associated Factors of Playing-Related Musculoskeletal Pain among Musicians: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 3991. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113991
Gómez-Rodríguez R, Díaz-Pulido B, Gutiérrez-Ortega C, Sánchez-Sánchez B, Torres-Lacomba M. Prevalence, Disability and Associated Factors of Playing-Related Musculoskeletal Pain among Musicians: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(11):3991. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113991
Chicago/Turabian StyleGómez-Rodríguez, Rosa, Belén Díaz-Pulido, Carlos Gutiérrez-Ortega, Beatriz Sánchez-Sánchez, and María Torres-Lacomba. 2020. "Prevalence, Disability and Associated Factors of Playing-Related Musculoskeletal Pain among Musicians: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11: 3991. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113991