Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Outpatients Aged up to 12 Months: A French Non-Interventional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Recruitment of Physicians and Patients
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Study Size and Statistical Methods
3. Results
3.1. Physician and Patient Populations
3.2. Characteristics and Feeding of Infants
3.3. Frequency of FGIDs and Symptoms Related to FGIDs
3.4. Management of FGIDs
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders | ROME IV Criteria |
---|---|
Regurgitation | Must include both of the following in otherwise healthy infants 3 weeks to 12 months of age:
|
Colic | For clinical purposes, must include all of the following:
|
Diarrhoea | Must include all of the following:
|
Constipation | Must include 1 month of at least 2 of the following in infants up to 4 years of age:
|
With FGID N = 1154 | Without FGID N = 538 | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age at study visit (months)—mean ± SD | 4.92 ± 3.11 | 6.69 ± 3.19 | <0.001 |
Boys—n (%) | 636 (55.4) | 260 (48.9) | 0.013 |
Prematurity—n (%) | 44 (4.3) | 22 (4.4) | NS |
Born by natural way—n (%) | 936 (83.1) | 449 (84.9) | NS |
Birth body weight (kg)—mean ± SD | 3.25 ± 0.48 | 3.31 ± 0.45 | 0.019 |
Body weight at study visit (kg)—mean ± SD | 6.65 ± 1.90 | 7.59 ± 1.84 | <0.001 |
General good health at study visit—n (%) | 1012 (89.2) | 470 (88.2) | NS |
Failure to thrive—n (%) | 49 (4.3) | 10 (1.9) | 0.012 |
Symptoms suggestive of CMPA—n (%) | 99 (8.7) | 12 (2.2) | <0.001 |
Family history of atopy—n (%) | 267 (23.4) | 122 (22.9) | NS |
Feeding at the maternity hospital—n (%) | <0.001 | ||
Exclusive breastfeeding | 530 (46.0) | 297 (55.6) | |
Breastfeeding + infant formula | 164 (14.2) | 51 (9.6) | |
Infant formula only | 458 (39.8) | 186 (34.8) | |
Feeding at study visit—n (%) | NS | ||
Exclusive breastfeeding | 151 (13.5) | 60 (11.5) | |
Breastfeeding + infant formula | 155 (13.8) | 67 (12.9) | |
Infant formula only | 814 (72.7) | 394 (75.6) | |
Introduction of cow’s milk—n (%) | 0.071 | ||
Not yet (at the time of the study visit) | 515 (45.7) | 215 (41.0) | |
During the first week of life (≈ at the maternity) | 243 (21.6) | 108 (20.6) | |
After the first week of life | 368 (32.7) | 201 (38.4) | |
Age when cow’s milk introduced after the first week of life (months)—mean ± SD | 2.71 ± 1.90 | 3.39 ± 2.13 | <0.001 |
Dietary diversification—n (%) | 549 (48.5%) | 377 (71.3%) | <0.001 |
Age of dietary diversification (months)—mean ± SD | 4.61 ± 0.69 | 4.64 ± 0.69 | NS |
According to the ROME IV Criteria * n (%) [95% CI] | According to Physicians Diagnosis ** n (%) | |
---|---|---|
Regurgitation | 516/1,256 (41.1) [38.4–43.8] | 757/1688 (44.8) |
Colic | 171/946 (18.1) [15.6–20.5] | 509/1706 (29.8) |
Constipation | 141/1,570 (9.0) [7.6–10.4] | 323/1682 (19.2) |
Diarrhea | 21/753 (2.8) [1.6–4.0] | 133/1689 (7.9) |
Regurgitation N = 757 | Colic N = 509 | Constipation N = 323 | Diarrhoea N = 133 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Infant formula recommendation—n (%) | 615 (82.1) | 384 (77.3) | 249 (78.5) | 105 (82.0) |
Thickening, anti-reflux, comfort | 433 (70.4) | 171 (44.5) | 88 (35.3) | 27 (25.7) |
Standard | 62 (10.1) | 39 (10.2) | 50 (20.1) | 22 (21.0) |
Protein hydrolisate | 59 (9.6) | 41 (10.7) | 14 (5.6) | 23 (21.9) |
Anti-colic | 37 (6.0) | 111 (28.9) | 38 (15.3) | 7 (6.7) |
Transit improvement | 10 (1.6) | 13 (3.4) | 47 (18.9) | 0 |
Anti-diarrhea | 2 (0.3) | 6 (1.6) | 2 (0.8) | 16 (15.2) |
With little/no lactose | 13 (2.1) | 14 (3.6) | 11 (4.4) | 12 (11.4) |
Hypoallergenic formula | 13 (2.1) | 14 (3.6) | 4 (1.6) | 5 (4.8) |
Formula not derived from cow’s milk | 15 (2.4) | 5 (1.3) | 7 (2.8) | 5 (4.8) |
Treatment prescription—n (%) | 357 (51.2) | 306 (64.3) | 201 (65.7) | 77 (64.2) |
Alginate, gastric protectant | 157 (44.0) | 72 (23.5) | 21 (10.4) | 23 (29.9) |
Probiotic | 123 (34.5) | 166 (54.2) | 72 (35.8) | 49 (63.6) |
Antisecretory drug | 107 (30.0) | 55 (18.0) | 17 (8.5) | 15 (19.5) |
Antispasmodic drug | 52 (14.6) | 98 (32.0) | 36 (17.9) | 8 (10.4) |
Laxative | 26 (7.3% | 19 (6.2) | 102 (50.7) | 0 |
Anti-diarrheal drug | 5 (1.4) | 5 (1.6) | 1 (0.5) | 16 (20.8) |
Rehydration solution | 7 (2.0) | 7 (2.3) | 4 (2.0) | 11 (14.3) |
Prokinetic drug | 9 (2.5) | 6 (2.0) | 2 (1.0) | 0 |
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Share and Cite
Campeotto, F.; Barbaza, M.-O.; Hospital, V. Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Outpatients Aged up to 12 Months: A French Non-Interventional Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 4031. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114031
Campeotto F, Barbaza M-O, Hospital V. Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Outpatients Aged up to 12 Months: A French Non-Interventional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(11):4031. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114031
Chicago/Turabian StyleCampeotto, Florence, Marie-Odile Barbaza, and Veronique Hospital. 2020. "Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Outpatients Aged up to 12 Months: A French Non-Interventional Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11: 4031. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114031