Effect of C242T Polymorphism in the Gene Encoding the NAD(P)H Oxidase p22phox Subunit and Aerobic Fitness Levels on Redox State Biomarkers and DNA Damage Responses to Exhaustive Exercise: A Randomized Trial
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Basic Testing
2.3. Exhaustive Exercise Test Protocol
2.4. Blood Sampling and Analyses
2.4.1. C242T Polymorphism Analysis
2.4.2. Plasma Lactate, Malondialdehyde (MDA), and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Analyses
2.4.3. Lymphocyte DNA Damage Analysis
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Plasma Lactate Levels
3.2. Plasma MDA Levels and SOD Activity
3.3. Lymphocyte DNA Damage
3.3.1. Change in TD
3.3.2. Change in TL
3.3.3. Change in TM
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Men (n = 110) | Women (n = 110) | Total (n = 220) | |
---|---|---|---|
Genotype, n (%) | |||
CC | 89 (80.91) | 91 (82.73) | 180 (81.82) |
CT | 19 (17.27) | 17 (15.45) | 36 (16.36) |
TT | 2 (1.82) | 2 (1.82) | 4 (1.82) |
Allele Frequency | |||
C | 0.81 | 0.83 | 0.82 |
T | 0.19 | 0.17 | 0.18 |
Variable | CC + HF (n = 8) | CC + MF (n = 8) | T + HF (n = 8) | T + MF (n = 8) | p# |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex (men/women) | 4/4 | 4/4 | 4/4 | 4/4 | |
Age (years) | 22.25 ± 2.31 | 23.38 ± 3.20 | 22.50 ± 2.67 | 22.25 ± 2.31 | 0.808 |
Height (cm) | 170.55 ± 11.17 | 168.83 ± 6.02 | 172.75 ± 10.60 | 169.30 ± 7.55 | 0.827 |
Weight (kg) | 62.16 ± 10.76 | 63.15 ± 9.87 | 63.41 ± 10.87 | 65.00 ± 9.83 | 0.957 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 21.21 ± 1.50 | 22.04 ± 2.28 | 21.12 ± 1.72 | 22.61 ± 2.47 | 0.425 |
Body fat (%) | 18.51 ± 7.14 | 20.38 ± 7.09 | 19.86 ± 7.96 | 21.78 ± 5.66 | 0.828 |
VO2max (mL/kg/min) | 49.81 ± 7.16 * | 41.48 ± 4.22 | 49.96 ± 7.47 * | 40.93 ± 3.94 | 0.003 |
Exercise time to exhaustion (min) | 36.75 ± 5.28 | 33.03 ± 5.03 | 38.07 ± 7.13 | 33.79 ± 6.08 | 0.295 |
Variable | Group | IBE | IAE | 30 MAE |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lactate (mmol/L) | CC + HF (n = 8) | 1.13 ± 0.26 | 6.94 ± 2.11 * | 2.68 ± 1.14 |
CC + MF (n = 8) | 1.50 ± 0.51 | 8.91 ± 2.33 * | 3.01 ± 1.23 | |
T + HF (n = 8) | 1.08 ± 0.24 | 8.21 ± 2.83 * | 3.04 ± 1.26 | |
T + MF (n = 8) | 1.35 ± 0.40 | 8.28 ± 1.93 * | 3.06 ± 1.44 | |
MDA (mmol/mL) | CC + HF (n = 8) | 5.27 ± 0.81 | 6.07 ± 1.18 * | 5.54 ± 0.74 |
CC + MF (n = 8) | 5,02 ± 1.01 | 7.81 ± 1.35 #,a | 5.94 ± 1.20 | |
T + HF (n = 8) | 5.06 ± 0.72 | 5.97 ± 0.85 * | 5.37 ± 0.75 | |
T + MF (n = 8) | 5.02 ± 1.23 | 7.51 ± 1.73 # | 5.82 ± 1.38 | |
SOD (U/mL) | CC + HF (n = 8) | 3.10 ± 0.46 | 3.93 ± 0.65 * | 3.75 ± 0.59 |
CC + MF (n = 8) | 3.29 ± 0.41 | 4.43 ± 1.15 * | 3.97 ± 0.99 | |
T + HF (n = 8) | 3.12 ± 0.43 | 3.64 ± 0.36 * | 3.28 ± 0.38 | |
T + MF (n = 8) | 3.20 ± 0.47 | 3.96 ± 0.47 * | 3.58 ± 0.34 |
Variable | Group | IBE | IAE | 30 MAE |
---|---|---|---|---|
TD (%) | CC + HF (n = 8) | 22.02 ± 5.81 | 37.60 ± 3.90 * | 27.85 ± 4.07 |
CC + MF (n = 8) | 25.20 ± 5.74 | 38.84 ± 5.38 * | 29.27 ± 3.79 | |
T + HF (n = 8) | 19.55 ± 6.66 | 33.27 ± 6.49 * | 26.67 ± 5.58 | |
T + MF (n = 8) | 23.98 ± 3.95 | 36.26 ± 8.83 * | 27.96 ± 6.94 | |
TL (μm) | CC + HF (n = 8) | 64.69 ± 14.18 | 94.95 ± 7.63 * | 78.66 ± 8.86b |
CC + MF (n = 8) | 65.67 ± 6.82 | 103.92 ± 10.99 *,a | 78.87 ± 4.42 b | |
T + HF (n = 8) | 53.86 ± 9.36 | 83.91 ± 11.84 * | 63.99 ± 7.49 | |
T + MF (n = 8) | 66.91 ± 7.18 | 99.13 ± 23.15 * | 75.39 ± 13.90 | |
TM | CC + HF (n = 8) | 11.27 ± 3.15 | 23.10 ± 4.13 * | 18.32 ± 3.53 |
CC + MF (n = 8) | 14.46 ± 2.04 | 31.40 ± 3.19 *,c | 25.43 ± 5.69 c | |
T + HF (n = 8) | 12.15 ± 3.62 | 21.83 ± 3.67 * | 16.65 ± 5.02 | |
T + MF (n = 8) | 14.49 ± 2.78 | 28.05 ± 3.79 *,d | 20.77 ± 4.03 |
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Cho, S.-Y.; So, W.-Y.; Roh, H.-T. Effect of C242T Polymorphism in the Gene Encoding the NAD(P)H Oxidase p22phox Subunit and Aerobic Fitness Levels on Redox State Biomarkers and DNA Damage Responses to Exhaustive Exercise: A Randomized Trial. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 4215. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124215
Cho S-Y, So W-Y, Roh H-T. Effect of C242T Polymorphism in the Gene Encoding the NAD(P)H Oxidase p22phox Subunit and Aerobic Fitness Levels on Redox State Biomarkers and DNA Damage Responses to Exhaustive Exercise: A Randomized Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(12):4215. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124215
Chicago/Turabian StyleCho, Su-Youn, Wi-Young So, and Hee-Tae Roh. 2020. "Effect of C242T Polymorphism in the Gene Encoding the NAD(P)H Oxidase p22phox Subunit and Aerobic Fitness Levels on Redox State Biomarkers and DNA Damage Responses to Exhaustive Exercise: A Randomized Trial" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12: 4215. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124215