The Association between Ethanol Elimination Rate and Hangover Severity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study 1. Assessment of Ethanol Elimination Rate—Acute Study
2.2. Study 2. Assessment of Hangover Severity—Hangover Study
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Demographics | Acute Study (2016) | Hangover Study (2015) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 21.4 (2.4) | 20.4 (2.4) | 0.005 * |
Height (m) | 1.78 (0.06) | 1.78 (0.06) | 0.685 |
Weight (kg) | 67.6 (8.7) | 67.1 (7.6) | 0.499 |
Body Mass Index (BMI, kg/m2) | 21.5 (2.6) | 21.3 (2.5) | 0.469 |
Usual Number of Drinks on Evening Out (units) | 7.8 (2.9) | 8.8 (3.2) | 0.351 |
Number of Hangovers Per Month | 2.4 (1.8) | 2.1 (2.0) | 0.345 |
Assessment | Original Sample | Bootstrapping Results | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time | rP | p-Value | Bias | SE | rPB | Lower CIB Limit | Upper CIB Limit | |
10.00 (T1) | −0.607 | 0.148 | 0.069 | 0.403 | −0.676 | −0.952 | +0.219 | |
11.00 (T2) | −0.519 | 0.233 | −0.009 | 0.308 | −0.510 * | −0.857 | −0.127 | |
12.00 (T3) | −0.362 | 0.425 | −0.020 | 0.386 | −0.342 | −0.921 | +0.249 | |
13.00 (T4) | −0.508 | 0.244 | −0.036 | 0.272 | −0.472 * | −0.922 | −0.221 | |
14.00 (T5) | −0.629 | 0.130 | −0.021 | 0.272 | −0.608 * | −0.973 | −0.302 | |
15.00 (T6) | −0.332 | 0.467 | −0.066 | 0.366 | −0.266 | −0.972 | +0.109 | |
16.00 (T7) | −0.586 | 0.166 | 0.026 | 0.353 | −0.612 | −0.973 | +0.050 |
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Mackus, M.; van de Loo, A.J.; Garssen, J.; Kraneveld, A.D.; Scholey, A.; Verster, J.C. The Association between Ethanol Elimination Rate and Hangover Severity. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 4324. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124324
Mackus M, van de Loo AJ, Garssen J, Kraneveld AD, Scholey A, Verster JC. The Association between Ethanol Elimination Rate and Hangover Severity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(12):4324. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124324
Chicago/Turabian StyleMackus, Marlou, Aurora JAE van de Loo, Johan Garssen, Aletta D Kraneveld, Andrew Scholey, and Joris C Verster. 2020. "The Association between Ethanol Elimination Rate and Hangover Severity" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12: 4324. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124324
APA StyleMackus, M., van de Loo, A. J., Garssen, J., Kraneveld, A. D., Scholey, A., & Verster, J. C. (2020). The Association between Ethanol Elimination Rate and Hangover Severity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12), 4324. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124324