Development of a Scale for Assessing the Meaning of Participation in Care Prevention Group Activities Provided by Local Governments in Japan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Operational Definitions
2.2. Research Design, Setting, and Participants
2.3. Measures
2.4. Analytical Methods
2.5. Ethical Considerations
3. Results
3.1. Individual Factors
3.2. MPCPGA Response Distribution and Item Parameters
3.3. MPCPGA Factors
3.4. Reliability and Validity of the MPCPGA Scale
3.5. MPCPGA Score Distribution
4. Discussion
4.1. Performance of the MPCPGA Scale
4.2. Characteristics of the MPCPGA Scale and Related Factors
4.3. Applicability of the MPCPGA Scale
4.4. Study Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Item | Mean ± SD | n | (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 34 | 9.0 | |
Female | 345 | 91.0 | ||
Age | 65−74 | 77.8 ± 6.0 | 111 | 29.3 |
≥75 | 268 | 70.7 | ||
Years of Residence | <10 | 28.6 ± 16.7 | 61 | 16.1 |
10−19 | 53 | 14.0 | ||
20−29 | 81 | 21.4 | ||
≥30 | 184 | 48.5 | ||
Family Type † | Alone | 136 | 36.2 | |
Only spouses | 106 | 28.2 | ||
With spouse, children or grandchildren | 132 | 35.1 | ||
Other | 2 | 0.5 | ||
Certification of Needed Long-Term Care or Support ‡ | Not certificated | 331 | 88.7 | |
Support level 1 | 25 | 6.7 | ||
Support level 2 | 13 | 3.5 | ||
Care level 1 | 3 | 0.8 | ||
Care level 2 | 1 | 0.3 | ||
Self-Rated Health § | Very good | 27 | 7.1 | |
Somewhat good | 274 | 72.5 | ||
Not very good | 69 | 18.3 | ||
Poor | 8 | 2.1 | ||
Years of CPGA Participation § | 4.69 ± 4.5 |
Item | Response Distribution (n (%)) | Item Properties | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | Mean ± SD | G-P † | I-T | |||||||
1 | I can change of pace and feel brighter every time. | 210 | (55.4) | 98 | (25.9) | 65 | (17.2) | 4 | (1.1) | 2 | (0.5) | 4.35 ± 0.84 | 1.18 | 0.801 |
2 | I can make a regular event to join this enjoyable activity. | 207 | (54.6) | 83 | (21.9) | 84 | (22.2) | 4 | (1.1) | 1 | (0.3) | 4.30 ± 0.87 | 1.28 | 0.802 |
3 | Participation in this activity can be a reason for me to go out. | 202 | (53.3) | 83 | (21.9) | 82 | (21.6) | 7 | (1.6) | 5 | (1.3) | 4.24 ± 0.94 | 1.21 | 0.698 |
4 | I can make use of this activity positively to prevent dementia. | 200 | (52.8) | 85 | (22.4) | 80 | (21.1) | 10 | (2.6) | 4 | (1.1) | 4.23 ± 0.94 | 1.30 | 0.762 |
5 | I can consult with staff or other participants without hesitation. | 193 | (50.9) | 95 | (25.1) | 76 | (20.1) | 11 | (2.9) | 4 | (1.1) | 4.22 ± 0.94 | 1.27 | 0.770 |
6 | I can gain much valuable knowledge and make discoveries. | 186 | (49.1) | 88 | (23.2) | 88 | (23.2) | 13 | (3.4) | 4 | (1.1) | 4.16 ± 0.97 | 1.36 | 0.754 |
7 | I have a satisfying and good time every time. | 185 | (48.8) | 87 | (23.0) | 95 | (25.1) | 6 | (1.6) | 6 | (1.6) | 4.16 ± 0.96 | 1.11 | 0.659 |
8 | I can make use of this activity to maintain or improve physical function. | 171 | (45.1) | 90 | (23.7) | 104 | (27.4) | 9 | (2.4) | 5 | (1.3) | 4.09 ± 0.97 | 1.15 | 0.698 |
9 | I can be positively challenged in this activity. | 166 | (43.8) | 97 | (25.6) | 95 | (25.1) | 18 | (4.7) | 3 | (0.8) | 4.07 ± 0.97 | 1.35 | 0.760 |
10 | This activity can be one of my important purpose in life. | 165 | (43.5) | 103 | (27.2) | 96 | (25.3) | 13 | (3.4) | 2 | (0.5) | 4.10 ± 0.93 | 1.33 | 0.780 |
11 | I can utilize my prior knowledge and experience in this activity. | 162 | (42.7) | 106 | (28.0) | 101 | (26.6) | 9 | (2.4) | 1 | (0.3) | 4.11 ± 0.90 | 1.16 | 0.741 |
12 | Through this activity, I can reflect on my present self and find out my challenges. | 160 | (42.2) | 112 | (29.6) | 98 | (25.9) | 5 | (1.3) | 4 | (1.1) | 4.11 ± 0.91 | 1.25 | 0.744 |
13 | With this activity, I can add stimulation to my life that I do not experience in daily life. | 163 | (43.0) | 108 | (28.5) | 97 | (25.6) | 8 | (2.1) | 3 | (0.8) | 4.11 ± 0.91 | 1.37 | 0.796 |
14 | I can exchange information about our local area with other participants. | 149 | (39.9) | 89 | (23.5) | 104 | (27.5) | 26 | (6.9) | 11 | (2.9) | 3.89 ± 1.09 | 1.14 | 0.563 |
15 | I can actively take a role as a member of this group. | 128 | (33.8) | 107 | (28.2) | 123 | (32.5) | 13 | (3.4) | 8 | (2.1) | 3.88 ± 0.99 | 1.16 | 0.652 |
Factor | Item | Factor Loading | Cronbach’s α Total = 0.939 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Factor 1 | Factor 2 | ||||
Factor 1 (Promotion of Self-Growth) | 12 | Through this activity, I can reflect on my present self and find out my challenges. | 0.884 | −0.116 | 0.933 |
10 | This activity can be one of my important purpose in life. | 0.769 | 0.049 | ||
11 | I can utilize my prior knowledge and experience in this activity. | 0.763 | 0.017 | ||
4 | I can make use of this activity positively to prevent dementia. | 0.740 | 0.070 | ||
9 | I can positively challenge in this activity. | 0.721 | 0.087 | ||
15 | I can actively take a role as a member of this group. | 0.717 | −0.032 | ||
2 | I can make a regular event to join this enjoyable activity. | 0.690 | 0.164 | ||
6 | I can gain much valuable knowledge and make discoveries. | 0.689 | 0.118 | ||
5 | I can consult with staff or other participants without hesitation. | 0.629 | 0.195 | ||
Factor 2 (Enrichment of Daily Life) | 7 | I have a satisfying and good time every time. | −0.105 | 0.912 | 0.838 |
8 | I can make use of this activity positively to maintain or improve physical function. | 0.102 | 0.719 | ||
14 | I can exchange information about our local area with other participants. | 0.023 | 0.649 | ||
3 | Participation in this activity can be a reason for me to go out. | 0.248 | 0.553 | ||
Correlation | Factor 1 | 1.000 | 0.752 |
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Sasaki, R.; Hirano, M. Development of a Scale for Assessing the Meaning of Participation in Care Prevention Group Activities Provided by Local Governments in Japan. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 4499. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124499
Sasaki R, Hirano M. Development of a Scale for Assessing the Meaning of Participation in Care Prevention Group Activities Provided by Local Governments in Japan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(12):4499. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124499
Chicago/Turabian StyleSasaki, Ryu, and Michiyo Hirano. 2020. "Development of a Scale for Assessing the Meaning of Participation in Care Prevention Group Activities Provided by Local Governments in Japan" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12: 4499. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124499