The Associations between Outdoor Playtime, Screen-Viewing Time, and Environmental Factors in Chinese Young Children: The “Eat, Be Active and Sleep Well” Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Participants
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Environmental Factors
2.2.2. Outdoor Playtime
2.2.3. Screen-viewing Time
2.2.4. Demographics
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Study Population
3.2. Environment Variables in Urban and Rural Participants
3.3. Environmental Variables Associated with Outdoor Playtime
3.4. Environmental Variables Associated with Screen-viewing Time
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | N (%) | Outdoor Playtime (min/day) | Screen View Time (min/day) |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | |||
Boy | 941 (53) | 93.24 a | 111.60 a |
Girl | 831 (47) | 87.53 | 98.93 |
Area | |||
Urban | 1114 (63) | 94.47 b | 101.68 |
Rural | 658 (37) | 83.51 | 113.24 c |
Age | |||
3 | 413 (23) | 85.54 | 101.10 |
4 | 610 (34) | 88.80 | 105.11 |
5 | 616 (35) | 93.01 | 106.62 |
6 | 133 (8) | 100.78 d | 121.91 d |
Environmental Variables | Urban Area Mean(SD) | Rural Area Mean (SD) | t |
---|---|---|---|
Neighborhood environments a | |||
Many shops, stores, markets, or other places to buy things I need are within easy walking distance of my home. | 3.53 (0.8) | 3.3 (1.2) | 6.29 * |
It is within a 10- to 15-min walk to a transit stop from my home. | 3.51 (0.6) | 3.4 (0.7) | 10.12 *** |
There are sidewalks on most of the streets in my neighbourhood. | 3.47 (0.7) | 3.48 (0.4) | 0.39 |
There are facilities to bicycle in or near my neighborhood shared use paths for cycles and pedestrians. | 3.26 (0.8) | 3.06 (0.9) | 7.04 ** |
My neighborhood has several free or low-cost recreation facilities. | 3.17 (0.7) | 2.95 (0.8) | 1.47 |
The crime rate in my neighbourhood makes it unsafe to go on walks at night. | 3.21 (0.6) | 3.09 (0.1) | 6.31 * |
There is so much traffic on the streets that it makes it difficult or unpleasant to walk in my neighborhood. | 2.96 (0.7) | 2.82 (0.7) | 1.32 |
I see many people being physically active in my neighborhood. | 3.23 (0.7) | 3.07 (0.8) | 0.11 |
There are many interesting things to look at while walking in my neighbourhood | 2.97 (0.8) | 2.72 (0.8) | 6.88 ** |
How many motor vehicles in working order are there at your household? c | 1.53 (0.8) | 1.26 (0.7) | 4.33 * |
Physical home environments b | |||
There is a TV or a computer in the child’s room. | 1.58 (1.0) | 1.50 (0.5) | 0.10 |
We limit the length of time spent watching TV, smartphones, tablets, and computers. | 1.22 (0.4) | 1.27 (0.4) | 22.16 *** |
How many media devices (TV, smartphones, tablets, and computers) are available at home? c | 6.02 (2.3) | 5.65 (2.1) | 4.33 * |
Social-culture home environments a | |||
We limit the place or method of outdoor play as we worry about potential injuries. | 1.70 (0.9) | 1.52 (0.8) | 12.29 *** |
Academic abilities are more important than physical development through outdoor play. | 3.61 (1.1) | 3.56 (1.1) | 2.89 * |
Other people, such as siblings, friends, and coaches, should be present for my child’s outdoor play. | 2.29 (1.0) | 2.19 (0.9) | 6.57 ** |
Environmental Variables | Urban Area (n = 1114) | Rural Area (n = 658) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Unadjusted Beta a | Adjusted Beta b | Unadjusted Beta a | Adjusted Beta b | |
Neighborhood environments c | ||||
Many shops, stores, markets, or other places to buy things I need are within easy walking distance of my home. | 0.07 * | 0.05 | −0.03 | |
It is within a 10- to 15-min walk to a transit stop from my home. | 0.04 | 0.02 | ||
There are sidewalks on most of the streets in my neighbourhood. | 0.09 * | 0.07 * | 0.06 | |
There are facilities to bicycle in or near my neighborhood shared use paths for cycles and pedestrians. | 0.13 *** | 0.12 *** | 0.01 | |
My neighborhood has several free or low-cost recreation facilities. | 0.04 | 0.05 | ||
The crime rate in my neighbourhood makes it unsafe to go on walks at night. | 0.06 * | 0.05 | 0.07 | |
There is so much traffic on the streets that it makes it difficult or unpleasant to walk in my neighborhood. | 0.01 | 0.07 | ||
I see many people being physically active in my neighborhood. | 0.06 * | 0.06 | 0.03 | |
There are many interesting things to look at while walking in my neighbourhood | 0.09 * | 0.08 * | 0.08 * | 0.07 |
How many motor vehicles in working order are there at your household? e | 0.12 *** | 0.11 *** | 0.04 | |
Physical home environments d | ||||
There is a TV or a computer in the child’s room. | −0.01 | −0.02 | ||
We limit the length of time spent watching TV, smartphones, tablets, and computers. | −0.06 | −0.04 | ||
How many media devices (TV, smartphones, tablets, and computers) are available at home? c | −0.08 | −0.06 | ||
Social-culture home environments c | ||||
We limit the place or method of outdoor play as we worry about potential injuries. | −0.15 *** | −0.13 *** | 0.14 | |
Academic abilities are more important than physical development through outdoor play. | −0.14 *** | −0.14 *** | 0.15 | |
Other people, such as siblings, friends, and coaches, should be present for my child’s outdoor play. | 0.11 ** | 0.09 * | 0.02 |
Environmental Variables | Urban Area (n = 1114) | Rural Area (n = 658) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Unadjusted Beta a | Adjusted Beta b | Unadjusted Beta a | Adjusted Beta b | |
Neighborhood environments c | ||||
Many shops, stores, markets, or other places to buy things I need are within easy walking distance of my home. | −0.01 | 0.04 | ||
It is within a 10- to 15-min walk to a transit stop from my home. | −0.04 | −0.01 | ||
There are sidewalks on most of the streets in my neighbourhood. | −0.06 | −0.04 | ||
There are facilities to bicycle in or near my neighborhood shared use paths for cycles and pedestrians. | 0.04 | 0.03 | ||
My neighborhood has several free or low-cost recreation facilities. | 0.02 | 0.01 | ||
The crime rate in my neighbourhood makes it unsafe to go on walks at night. | 0.01 | 0.02 | ||
There is so much traffic on the streets that it makes it difficult or unpleasant to walk in my neighborhood. | 0.05 | 0.11 ** | 0.10 * | |
I see many people being physically active in my neighborhood. | 0.04 | 0.02 | ||
There are many interesting things to look at while walking in my neighbourhood | 0.02 | 0.06 | ||
How many motor vehicles in working order are there at your household? e | 0.04 | 0.01 | ||
Physical home environments d | ||||
There is a TV or a computer in the child’s room. | −0.03 | −0.04 | ||
We limit the length of time spent watching TV, smartphones, tablets, and computers. | 0.07 | 0.05 | ||
How many media devices (TV, smartphones, tablets, and computers) are available at home? | 0.18 *** | 0.17 *** | 0.08 | |
Social-culture home environments c | ||||
We limit the place or method of outdoor play as we worry about potential injuries. | 0.08 ** | 0.07 * | 0.13 ** | 0.12 ** |
Academic abilities are more important than physical development through outdoor play. | −0.11 *** | −0.10 ** | −0.12 ** | −0.11 ** |
Other people, such as siblings, friends, and coaches, should be present for my child’s outdoor play. | −0.08 * | −0.07 * | −0.11 ** | −0.10 ** |
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Wang, Q.; Ma, J.; Maehashi, A.; Kim, H. The Associations between Outdoor Playtime, Screen-Viewing Time, and Environmental Factors in Chinese Young Children: The “Eat, Be Active and Sleep Well” Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 4867. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134867
Wang Q, Ma J, Maehashi A, Kim H. The Associations between Outdoor Playtime, Screen-Viewing Time, and Environmental Factors in Chinese Young Children: The “Eat, Be Active and Sleep Well” Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(13):4867. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134867
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Qiang, Jiameng Ma, Akira Maehashi, and Hyunshik Kim. 2020. "The Associations between Outdoor Playtime, Screen-Viewing Time, and Environmental Factors in Chinese Young Children: The “Eat, Be Active and Sleep Well” Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 13: 4867. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134867