Association of Genetic and Environmental Factors with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Chinese Han Population
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Demographic Information and Epidemiological Investigation
2.3. Isolation of Genomic DNA
2.4. SNP Selection and Genotyping
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. General Characteristics
3.2. Gene-Based Model: SNPs Associated with NAFLD
3.3. All Covariance-Based Model
3.4. Interactions between Gene Polymorphism and Other Covariance Estimators for the Risk of NAFLD
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | NAFLD (+) | NAFLD (−) | t/z/χ2 | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 327 | 1836 | ||
Age, Median (IQR), year | 64 (14.50) | 62 (17.00) | 0.13 | 0.717 |
Sex, n (%) | 3.02 | 0.082 | ||
Male | 49 (49.00) | 917 (45.50) | ||
Female | 51 (51.00) | 1096 (54.5) | ||
Weight, Median (IQR), year | 63.2 (5.05) | 59.4 (12.82) | 158.93 | <0.001 |
BMI, mean ± SD, kg/m2 | 24.06 (4.55) | 23.15 (3.84) | 194.48 | <0.001 |
Waistline, Median (IQR), cm | 82.87 (11.00) | 126.40 | <0.001 | |
SBP, Median (IQR), mmHg | 145 (16.50) | 136 (30.00) | 16.62 | <0.001 |
DBP, Median (IQR), mmHg | 90 (15.00) | 80 (16.00) | 17.27 | <0.001 |
TC, Median (IQR), mmol/L | 4.99 (1.39) | 4.85 (1.27) | 28.68 | <0.001 |
TG, Median (IQR), mmol/L | 1.50 (0.65) | 1.28 (0.87) | 101.84 | <0.001 |
HDL-C, Median (IQR), mmol/L | 1.24 (0.32) | 1.26 (0.38) | 33.34 | <0.001 |
LDL-C, Median (IQR), mmol/L | 3.18 (1.37) | 2.98 (1.11) | 5.11 | 0.0238 |
The history of diabetes | 0.0082 | |||
+ | 23 (7.00) | 70 (3.80) | 7.00 | |
− | 304 (93.00) | 1766 (96.20) | ||
The intake of vegetables, n (%) | 16.63 | 0.0023 | ||
<45 g/day | 107 (32.70) | 1499 (81.60) | ||
≥45 g/day | 220 (67.30) | 337 (18.40) | ||
The intake of egg, n (%) | 18.46 | 0.0004 | ||
<4 eggs/week | 86 (26.30) | 1560 (85.00) | ||
≥4 eggs/week | 241 (73.70) | 276 (15.00) | ||
The intake of fried, n (%) | 34.82 | <0.001 | ||
Never | 175 (53.50) | 679 (37.00) | ||
Regularly | 152 (46.50) | 1157 (63.00) | ||
The intake of sweet, n (%) | 55.58 | <0.001 | ||
<4 times/week | 177 (54.10) | 1715 (93.40) | ||
≥4 times/week | 150 (45.90) | 121 (6.60) |
SNP | Genotype | Unadjusted OR (95%CI) | Unadjusted p | Adjusted OR (95%CI) | Adjusted p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
rs7493 | |||||
additive | CG/CC | 1.27 (0.98–1.64) | 0.065 | 1.26 (0.97–1.62) | 0.088 |
GG/CC | 1.82 (0.10–3.29) | 0.049 | 1.87 (1.01–3.48) | 0.046 | |
dominant | GG + CG/CC | 1.31 (1.03–1.68) | 0.026 | 1.31 (1.01–1.69) | 0.036 |
recessive | GG/CG + CC | 1.68 (0.93–3.03) | 0.083 | 1.75 (0.95–3.22) | 0.074 |
rs7593130 | |||||
additive | CT/TT | 1.03 (0.79–1.35) | 0.800 | 0.95 (0.72–1.25) | 0.706 |
CC/TT | 1.57 (1.12–2.19) | 0.009 | 1.46 (1.04–2.07) | 0.031 | |
dominant | CC + CT/TT | 1.15 (0.90–1.48) | 0.252 | 1.07 (0.82–1.38) | 0.626 |
recessive | CC/CT + TT | 1.54 (1.14–2.07) | 0.005 | 1.51 (1.11–2.05) | 0.008 |
rs1260326 | |||||
additive | CT/CC | 0.31 (0.11–0.84) | 0.133 | 1.31 (0.93–1.84) | 0.123 |
TT/CC | 1.48 (1.04–2.10) | 0.031 | 1.48 (1.03–2.13) | 0.033 | |
dominant | TT + CT/CC | 1.35 (0.99–1.86) | 0.057 | 1.37 (0.99–1.90) | 0.055 |
recessive | TT/CT + CC | 1.23 (0.95–1.58) | 0.112 | 1.22 (0.94–1.58) | 0.133 |
rs11583680 | |||||
additive | CT/CC | 0.63 (0.45–0.87) | 0.005 | 0.61(0.424–086) | 0.005 |
TT/CC | 0.35 (0.08–1.49) | 0.156 | 0.47 (0.11–2.06) | 0.311 | |
dominant | TT + CT/CC | 0.61 (0.44–0.83) | 0.002 | 0.61 (0.44–0.85) | 0.003 |
recessive | TT/CT + CC | 0.38 (0.09–1.62) | 0.19 | 0.37 (0.12–2.20) | 0.368 |
Characters | OR | 95%CI | p |
---|---|---|---|
gene score | 1.49 | 1.23–1.81 | <0.001 |
Dyslipidemia | 2.42 | 1.84–3.19 | <0.001 |
Sex | 1.24 | 0.98–1.57 | 0.083 |
The intake of egg | 6.52 | 5.23–8.11 | <0.001 |
Hypertension | 1.02 | 1.01–1.02 | <0.001 |
The intake of sweet | 4.36 | 3.51–5.41 | <0.001 |
The intake of vegetable | 0.29 | 0.24–0.35 | <0.001 |
SNPs | Adequate Vegetables | Inadequate Vegetables | OR (95%CI) for Hypertension Patients within Strata of Genotype | RERI (95%CI) | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Control (n) | OR (95%CI) | Case/Control (n) | OR (95%CI) | ||||
rs11583680 | |||||||
Non-risk allele carriers (TT + CT) | 20/348 | 30/72 | |||||
1 | 7.25 (3.90–13.48) | 7.25 (3.90–13.48) | |||||
p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | ||||||
Risk allele carriers (CC) | 87/1151 | 190/265 | 4.91 (0.66–9.17) | 0.024 | |||
1.32 (0.80–2.17) | 12.99 (8.77–19.22) | 9.49 (7.12–12.64) | |||||
p = 0.283 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | |||||
OR (95%CI) for risk allele carriers within strata of vegetable intake | 1.32 (0.80–2.17) | 1.31 (1.04–1.66) | |||||
p = 0.283 | p = 0.022 | ||||||
rs7593130 | |||||||
Non-risk allele carriers (CT + TT) | 85/1272 | 174/296 | |||||
1 | 8.80 (6.59–11.74) | 8.80 (6.59–11.74) | |||||
p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | ||||||
Risk allele carriers (CC) | 22/227 | 46/41 | 7.55 (0.13–14.97) | 0.046 | |||
1.45 (0.90–2.37) | 16.79 (10.44–26.99) | 11.58 (6.31–21.25) | |||||
p = 0.137 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | |||||
OR (95%CI) for risk allele carriers within strata of vegetable intake | 1.45 (0.90–2.37) | 1.38 (1.10–1.74) | |||||
p = 0.137 | p = 0.006 | ||||||
rs7493 | |||||||
Non-risk allele carriers (CC) | 62/1022 | 142/238 | |||||
1 | 9.84 (7.07–13.68) | 9.84 (7.07–13.68) | |||||
p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | ||||||
Risk allele carriers (GG + CG) | 45/477 | 78/99 | 2.60 (−1.81–7.00) | 0.248 | |||
1.56 (1.04–2.32) | 12.99 (8.77–19.22) | 8.35 (5.46–12.79) | |||||
p = 0.03 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | |||||
OR (95%CI) for risk allele carriers within strata of vegetable intake | 1.56 (1.04–2.32) p = 0.03 | 1.15 (0.96–1.38) p = 0.133 |
Other Lifestyles | Dyslipidemia (−) | Dyslipidemia (+) | OR (95%CI) for Hypertension Patients within Strata of Genotype | RERI (95%CI) | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Control (n) | OR (95%CI) | Case/Control (n) | OR (95%CI) | ||||
Hypertension | |||||||
Hypertension (−) | 33/459 | 90/423 | |||||
1 | 2.96 (1.94–4.51) | 2.96 (1.94–4.51) | |||||
p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | ||||||
Hypertension (+) | 41/302 | 163/652 | −0.37 (−1.56–0.82) | 0.541 | |||
1.89 (1.17–3.05) | 3.48 (2.35–5.15) | 1.84 (1.27–2.66) | |||||
p = 0.01 | p < 0.001 | p = 0.001 | |||||
OR (95%CI) for risk allele carriers within strata of dyslipidemia | 1.89 (1.17–3.05) | 1.08 (0.94–1.25) | |||||
p = 0.01 | p = 0.267 | ||||||
The intake of vegetables | |||||||
Adequately | 19/613 | 88/886 | |||||
1 | 3.20 (1.93–5.32) | 3.20 (1.93–5.32) | |||||
p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | ||||||
Inadequately | 55/148 | 165/189 | 13.97 (4.81–23.12) | 0.002 | |||
11.99 (6.91–20.81) | 28.17 (17.05–46.53) | 2.35 (1.62–3.41) | |||||
p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | |||||
OR (95%CI) for risk allele carriers within strata of dyslipidemia | 11.99 (6.91–20.81) | 2.96 (2.55–3.45) | |||||
p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | ||||||
The intake of egg | |||||||
Adequately | 18/658 | 68/902 | |||||
1 | 2.76 (1.62–4.68) | 2.76 (1.62–4.68) | |||||
p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | ||||||
Inadequately | 56/103 | 185/173 | 17.47 (4.55–30.39) | 0.008 | |||
19.88 (11.24–35.12) | 39.09 (24.43–65.23) | 1.97 (1.34–2.89) | |||||
p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p = 0.001 | |||||
OR (95%CI) for risk allele carriers within strata of dyslipidemia | 11.99 (6.91–20.81) p < 0.001 | 3.77 (3.20–4.24) p < 0.001 | |||||
The intake of sweetmeat | |||||||
Adequately | 10/615 | 41/690 | |||||
1 | 2.38 (1.66–3.42) | 2.38 (1.66–3.42) | |||||
p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | ||||||
Inadequately | 10/370 | 32/395 | 12.08 (1.77–22.38) | 0.022 | |||
13.12 (7.57–22.74) | 26.57 (17.35–40.70) | 2.03 (1.19–3.46) | |||||
p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p = 0.010 | |||||
OR (95%CI) for risk allele carriers within strata of dyslipidemia | 1.66 (0.69–4.03) p = 0.261 | 3.34 (2.82–3.96) p < 0.001 |
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Li, Z.; Ye, C.-Y.; Wang, L.; Li, J.-M.; Yang, L. Association of Genetic and Environmental Factors with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Chinese Han Population. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 5217. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145217
Li Z, Ye C-Y, Wang L, Li J-M, Yang L. Association of Genetic and Environmental Factors with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Chinese Han Population. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(14):5217. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145217
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Zheng, Cheng-Yin Ye, Li Wang, Jin-Mei Li, and Lei Yang. 2020. "Association of Genetic and Environmental Factors with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Chinese Han Population" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14: 5217. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145217