Quantitative Analysis of Effects of a Single 60Co Gamma Ray Point Exposure on Time-Dependent Change in Locomotor Activity in Rats
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Design and Data Collection
2.1.1. Animals
2.1.2. Irradiation with 60Co Gamma-Rays
2.1.3. Measurements of Daily Locomotor Activity
2.1.4. Ethical Approval
2.2. Statistical Analyses
2.2.1. Definition of Daily Activity
2.2.2. Data Modeling
2.2.3. Non-Linear Mixed Effects Model (NLMM)
2.2.4. Algorithm and Software for Implementation of Data Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Result of Regression Analysis
3.1.1. Estimation of Fixed Effect Parameters
3.1.2. Estimation of the Random Effects Parameters
3.2. Comparison of Goodness of Fit of the NLMM and the NLRM
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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(a) | Full NLMM | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameter | Estimate | SE | 95% Confidence Interval | p-Value | |
Lower Bound | Upper Bound | ||||
β1 | 0.069 | 0.015 | 0.041 | 0.098 | 0.000 ** |
β2 | −0.007 | 0.003 | −0.012 | −0.001 | 0.023 * |
ω1 | 10.391 | 4.808 | 0.968 | 19.815 | 0.015 * |
ω2 | 0.082 | 0.166 | −0.243 | 0.407 | 0.310 |
ξ0 | 4.326 | 0.020 | 4.288 | 4.364 | 0.000 ** |
ξ1 | 0.003 | 0.041 | −0.076 | 0.083 | 0.468 |
ξ2 | −0.008 | 0.022 | −0.052 | 0.035 | 0.353 |
(b) | Optimal NLMM | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameter | Estimate | SE | 95% Confidence Interval | p-Value | |
Lower Bound | Upper Bound | ||||
β1 | 0.066 | 0.016 | 0.033 | 0.098 | 0.000 ** |
β2 | −0.006 | 0.003 | −0.012 | 0.001 | 0.036 * |
ω1 | 9.063 | 2.949 | 3.283 | 14.843 | 0.001 ** |
ξ0 | 4.319 | 0.014 | 4.290 | 4.347 | 0.000 ** |
(a) | Full NLRM | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameter | Estimate | SE | 95% Confidence Interval | p-Value | |
Lower Bound | Upper Bound | ||||
β1 | 0.075 | 0.023 | 0.030 | 0.120 | 0.001 ** |
β2 | −0.006 | 0.005 | −0.016 | 0.004 | 0.104 |
ω1 | 3.922 | 1.404 | 1.170 | 6.674 | 0.003 ** |
ω2 | 0.574 | 0.447 | −0.303 | 1.450 | 0.100 |
ξ0 | 4.333 | 0.007 | 4.320 | 4.346 | 0.000 ** |
ξ1 | 0.003 | 0.016 | −0.028 | 0.033 | 0.435 |
ξ2 | −0.011 | 0.008 | −0.027 | 0.006 | 0.107 |
(b) | Optimal NLRM | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameter | Estimate | SE | 95% Confidence Interval | p-Value | |
Lower Bound | Upper Bound | ||||
β1 | 0.049 | 0.005 | 0.039 | 0.059 | 0.000 ** |
ω1 | 5.973 | 1.726 | 2.590 | 9.356 | 0.000 ** |
ξ0 | 4.334 | 0.006 | 4.323 | 4.345 | 0.002 ** |
ξ2 | −0.010 | 0.003 | −0.016 | −0.004 | 0.000 ** |
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Otani, K.; Ohtaki, M.; Fujimoto, N.; Saimova, A.; Chaizhunusova, N.; Rakhypbekov, T.; Sato, H.; Kawano, N.; Hoshi, M. Quantitative Analysis of Effects of a Single 60Co Gamma Ray Point Exposure on Time-Dependent Change in Locomotor Activity in Rats. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 5638. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165638
Otani K, Ohtaki M, Fujimoto N, Saimova A, Chaizhunusova N, Rakhypbekov T, Sato H, Kawano N, Hoshi M. Quantitative Analysis of Effects of a Single 60Co Gamma Ray Point Exposure on Time-Dependent Change in Locomotor Activity in Rats. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(16):5638. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165638
Chicago/Turabian StyleOtani, Keiko, Megu Ohtaki, Nariaki Fujimoto, Aisulu Saimova, Nailya Chaizhunusova, Tolebay Rakhypbekov, Hitoshi Sato, Noriyuki Kawano, and Masaharu Hoshi. 2020. "Quantitative Analysis of Effects of a Single 60Co Gamma Ray Point Exposure on Time-Dependent Change in Locomotor Activity in Rats" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16: 5638. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165638