Time–Frequency Analysis of Particulate Matter (PM10) Concentration in Dry Bulk Ports Using the Hilbert–Huang Transform
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials
2.1. Area Description
2.2. Measurements
3. Methodology
3.1. Empirical Mode Decomposition
3.2. Hilbert Spectrum Analysis
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Overview of PM10 Concentration Data
4.2. EMD of the PM10 Concentration Data Series
4.3. Characteristics of the Hilbert Spectrum
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Site | Maximum | Minimum | Mean | Standard Deviation |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 346.9 | 18.83 | 88.77 | 48.44 |
2 | 279.11 | 18.69 | 84.61 | 46.71 |
3 | 358.77 | 18.52 | 90.91 | 49.04 |
Site | IMF1 | IMF2 | IMF3 | IMF4 | IMF5 | IMF6 | IMF7 | IMF8 | IMF9 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 3.3 | 8.3 | 18.1 | 35.1 | 73.3 | 175.3 | 268.8 | 504.0 | 1008.0 |
2 | 3.3 | 7.1 | 13.2 | 27.6 | 61.1 | 155.1 | 403.2 | 1008.0 | - |
3 | 3.4 | 8.6 | 17.9 | 37.0 | 73.3 | 149.3 | 224.0 | 504.0 | 1100.0 |
Site | IMF1 | IMF2 | IMF3 | IMF4 | IMF5 | IMF6 | IMF7 | IMF8 | IMF9 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.98 | 3.33 | 8.09 | 9.11 | 7.51 | 17.07 | 27.33 | 24.09 | 2.50 |
2 | 1.34 | 1.51 | 5.49 | 9.63 | 8.86 | 22.13 | 23.80 | 27.25 | - |
3 | 1.12 | 3.38 | 9.27 | 12.13 | 7.49 | 21.67 | 15.22 | 10.51 | 19.23 |
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Feng, X.; Shen, J.; Yang, H.; Wang, K.; Wang, Q.; Zhou, Z. Time–Frequency Analysis of Particulate Matter (PM10) Concentration in Dry Bulk Ports Using the Hilbert–Huang Transform. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 5754. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165754
Feng X, Shen J, Yang H, Wang K, Wang Q, Zhou Z. Time–Frequency Analysis of Particulate Matter (PM10) Concentration in Dry Bulk Ports Using the Hilbert–Huang Transform. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(16):5754. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165754
Chicago/Turabian StyleFeng, Xuejun, Jinxing Shen, Haoming Yang, Kang Wang, Qiming Wang, and Zhongguo Zhou. 2020. "Time–Frequency Analysis of Particulate Matter (PM10) Concentration in Dry Bulk Ports Using the Hilbert–Huang Transform" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16: 5754. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165754