Removal of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons from Contaminated Soil through Microwave Irradiation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Soil Characterization
2.2. Contamination Procedure
2.3. Microwave Experiments Conditions and Procedures
2.4. Analysis Method
2.4.1. Contaminated Soil Characterization Analysis
2.4.2. Extraction and Analytical Methods
3. Results
3.1. Temperature Profiles by Microwave Power Density
3.2. Effect of Power Density in Microwaves on TPH Removal
3.3. Particle Size Effect
3.4. Behavior of Different Fractions by Microwave Treatment
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Soil Type | Time (min) | Temperature (°C) | Removal Efficiency (%) | Residual Concentration (mg/kg) | |
Internal | Surface | ||||
+0.106 mm | 5.0 | 132 | 125.8 | 59.9 | 396.1 |
10.0 | 195 | 191.5 | 88.5 | 113.7 | |
15.0 | 255 | 231 | 91.1 | 88.1 | |
Soil Type | Time (min) | Temperature (°C) | Removal Efficiency (%) | Residual Concentration (mg/kg) | |
Internal | Surface | ||||
−0.106 mm | 10.0 | 150 | 128 | 13.1 | 1931.9 |
20.0 | 280 | 232 | 45.0 | 1222.1 | |
30.0 | 370 | 304.1 | 71.2 | 639.9 |
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Component | Al2O3 | SiO2 | Fe2O3 | K2O | CaO | MgO | Na2O |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Content (%) | 34.2 | 32.3 | 15.1 | 11.7 | 1.73 | 1.56 | 1.25 |
Parameter | pH | Porosity (%) | Specific Surface Area (m2/g) | Organic Matter (g/kg) | Moisture Content (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Value | 6.9 | 26.9 | 1.52 | 1.63 | 4.57 |
kW/kg | 15 min | 20 min | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Removal (%) | Temp. (°C) | Weight Loss (%) | Removal (%) | Temp. (°C) | Weight Loss (%) | |
1.3 | 74.4 | 240.7 | 10.5 | 80.2 | 310.8 | 12.2 |
0.9 | 60.6 | 196.3 | 10.4 | 72.2 | 256.6 | 11.7 |
0.5 | 15.8 | 136.4 | 9.88 | 45.2 | 189.6 | 10.3 |
Soil Type | TPH Fraction (mg/kg) | Total (mg/kg) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C10–C16 | C16–C22 | C22–C28 | C28–C34 | C34–C40 | ||
Coarse soil (>0.106 mm) | 245.1 | 693.1 | 237.6 | 42.3 | 4.02 | 1222.1 |
20.1% | 56.7% | 19.4% | 3.46% | 0.33% | 100% | |
Fine soil (<0.106 mm) | 414.5 | 1222.5 | 456.8 | 107.6 | 21.6 | 2223.0 |
18.6% | 55.0% | 20.6% | 4.84% | 0.97% | 100% |
Soil Type | Time (min) | Temperature (°C) | Removal Efficiency (%) | Residual Concentration (mg/kg) | |
Internal | Surface | ||||
Coarse soil (>0.106 mm) | 5.0 | 132.0 | 125.8 | 59.9 | 396.1 |
10.0 | 195.0 | 191.5 | 88.5 | 113.7 | |
15.0 | 255.0 | 231.0 | 91.1 | 88.1 | |
Soil Type | Time (min) | Temperature (°C) | Removal Efficiency (%) | Residual Concentration (mg/kg) | |
Internal | Surface | ||||
Fine soil (<0.106 mm) | 10.0 | 150.0 | 128.0 | 13.1 | 1931.9 |
20.0 | 280.0 | 232.0 | 45.0 | 1222.1 | |
30.0 | 370.0 | 304.1 | 71.2 | 639.9 |
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Cho, K.; Myung, E.; Kim, H.; Purev, O.; Park, C.; Choi, N. Removal of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons from Contaminated Soil through Microwave Irradiation. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 5952. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165952
Cho K, Myung E, Kim H, Purev O, Park C, Choi N. Removal of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons from Contaminated Soil through Microwave Irradiation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(16):5952. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165952
Chicago/Turabian StyleCho, Kanghee, Eunji Myung, Hyunsoo Kim, Oyunbileg Purev, Cheonyoung Park, and Nagchoul Choi. 2020. "Removal of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons from Contaminated Soil through Microwave Irradiation" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16: 5952. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165952