Leaching Behaviors of Chromium(III) and Ammonium-Nitrogen from a Tannery Sludge in North China: Comparison of Batch and Column Investigations
Abstract
:1. Instruction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Tannery Sludge and Its Characterization
2.2. Experimental Set-Up
2.2.1. Batch Leaching Experiments
2.2.2. Column Leaching Experiment
2.3. Analytical Methods
2.4. Mathematical Models
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Releasing Behavior of Cr(III) and NH4+-N under the Different Experimental Conditions
3.2. Release Kinetics Simulated by Mathematical Models
3.3. Dynamic Leaching Behavior of Cr(III) and NH4+-N under Different Leachate pH
4. Release Kinetics under Leaching Conditions
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Ma, H.; Zhou, J.; Hua, L.; Cheng, F.; Zhou, L.; Qiao, X. Chromium recovery from tannery sludge by bioleaching and its reuse in tanning process. J. Clean. Prod. 2017, 142, 2752–2760. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zeng, J.; Gou, M.; Tang, Y.; Li, G.; Sun, Z.; Kida, K. Effective bioleaching of chromium in tannery sludge with an enriched sulfur-oxidizing bacterial community. Bioresour. Technol. 2016, 218, 859–866. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zou, D.; Chi, Y.; Dong, J.; Fu, C.; Wang, F.; Ni, M. Supercritical water oxidation of tannery sludge: Stabilization of chromium and destruction of organics. Chemosphere 2013, 93, 1413–1418. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Pantazopoulou, E.; Zouboulis, A. Chemical toxicity and ecotoxicity evaluation of tannery sludge stabilized with ladle furnace slag. J. Environ. Manag. 2017, 216, 257–262. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Silva, J.D.C.; Leal, T.T.B.; Araújo, A.S.F.; Araujo, R.M.; Gomes, R.L.F.; Melo, W.J.; Singh, R.P. Effect of different tannery sludge compost amendment rates on growth, biomass accumulation and yield responses of Capsicum plants. Waste Manag. 2010, 30, 1976–1980. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Reijonen, I.; Hartikainen, H. Oxidation mechanisms and chemical bioavailability of chromium in agricultural soil-pH as the master variable. Appl. Geochem. 2016, 74, 84–93. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Martines, A.M.; Nogueira, M.A.; Santos, C.A.; Nakatani, A.S.; Andrade, C.A.; Coscione, A.R.; Cantarella, H.; Sousa, J.P.; Cardoso, E.J.B.N. Ammonia volatilization in soil treated with tannery sludge. Bioresour. Technol. 2010, 101, 4690–4696. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nakatani, A.S.; Martines, A.M.; Nogueira, M.A.; Fagotti, D.S.L.; Oliveira, A.G.; Bini, D.; Sousa, J.P.; Cardoso, E.J.B.N. Changes in the genetic structure of Bacteria and microbial activity in an agricultural soil amended with tannery sludge. Soil Biol. Biochem. 2011, 43, 106–114. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xia, M.; Muhammad, F.; Li, S.; Lin, H.; Huang, X.; Jiao, B.; Li, D. Solidification of electroplating sludge with alkali-activated fly ash to prepare a non-burnt brick and its risk assessment. RSC. Adv. 2020, 10, 4640–4694. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Cao, X.; Guo, J.; Mao, J.; Lan, Y. Adsorption and mobility of Cr(III)–organic acid complexes in soils. J. Hazard. Mater. 2011, 192, 1533–1538. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Miretzky, P.; Cirelli, A.F. Cr(VI) and Cr(III) removal from aqueous solution by raw and modified lignocellulosic materials: A review. J. Hazard. Mater. 2010, 180, 1–19. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wang, D.; He, S.; Shan, C.; Ye, Y.; Ma, H.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, W.; Pan, B. Chromium speciation in tannery effluent after alkaline precipitation: Isolation and characterization. J. Hazard. Mater. 2016, 316, 169–177. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Di, H.J.; Cameron, K.C. Nitrate leaching in temperate agroecosystems: Sources, factors and mitigating strategies. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. 2002, 64, 237–256. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kong, X.; Li, C.; Wang, P.; Huang, G.; Li, Z.; Han, Z. Soil Pollution Characteristics and Microbial Responses in a Vertical Profile with Long-Term Tannery Sludge Contamination in Hebei, China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 563. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Wang, Y.; Zeng, Y.; Chai, X.; Liao, X.; He, Q.; Shi, B. Ammonia nitrogen in tannery wastewater: Distribution, origin and prevention. J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. 2012, 107, 40–50. [Google Scholar]
- Islas-Espinoza, M.; Solís-Mejía, L.; Esteller, M.V. Phosphorus release kinetics in a soil amended with biosolids and vermicompost. Environ. Earth. Sci. 2014, 71, 1441–1451. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Rezaei Rashti, M.; Esfandbod, M.; Adhami, E.; Srivastava, P. Cadmium desorption behaviour in selected sub-tropical soils: Effects of soil properties. J. Geochem. Explor. 2014, 144, 230–236. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, F.L.; Alva, A.K. Ammonium adsorption and desorption in sandy soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 2000, 64, 1669–1674. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Jing, L.; Bi, E.; Jian, C.; Xu, J.; Chen, H. Factors influencing biotransformation of different ammonium forms sorbed to sandy soil. Fresenius Environ. Bull. 2012, 21, 1165–1172. [Google Scholar]
- Fontes, M.P.F.; Gomes, P.C. Simultaneous competitive adsorption of heavy metals by the mineral matrix of tropical soils. Appl. Geochem. 2003, 18, 795–804. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Scherer, H.W.; Zhang, Y. Studies on the mechanisms of fixation and release of ammonium in paddy soils after flooding. I. Effect of iron oxides on ammonium fixation. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 1999, 162, 593–597. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, B.; Peng, T.; Sun, H.; Yue, H. Release behavior of uranium in uranium mill tailings under environmental conditions. J. Environ. Radioac. 2017, 171, 160–168. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Appels, L.; Degrève, J.; Van der Bruggen, B.; Van Impe, J.; Dewil, R. Influence of low temperature thermal pre-treatment on sludge solubilisation, heavy metal release and anaerobic digestion. Bioresour. Technol. 2010, 101, 5743–5748. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Veeken, A.H.M.; Hamelers, H.V.M. Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by extraction with organic acids. Water Sci. Technol. 1999, 40, 129–136. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Araujo, A.S.F.; Melo, W.J.; Araujo, F.F.; Brink, P.J.V. Long-term effect of composted tannery sludge on soil chemical and biological parameters. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2020, 1–8. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lovley, D.R.; Phillips, E.J.P. Organic matter mineralization with reduction of ferric iron in anaerobic sediments. Appl. Environ. Microb. 1986, 51, 683–689. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Almaroai, Y.A.; Usman, A.R.A.; Ahmad, M.; Kim, K.; Vithanage, M.; Sik Ok, Y. Role of chelating agents on release kinetics of metals and their uptake by maize from chromated copper arsenate-contaminated soil. Environ. Technol. 2013, 34, 747–755. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jin, X.; Wang, S.; Bu, Q.; Wu, F. Laboratory Experiments on Phosphorous Release from the Sediments of 9 Lakes in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Region, China. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2006, 176, 233–251. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Najafi-Ghiri, M. Effects of Zeolite and Vermicompost Applications on Potassium Release from Calcareous Soils. Soil Water Res. 2014, 9, 31–37. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Chen, Y.; He, Y.; Ye, W.; Sui, W.; Xiao, M. Effect of shaking time, ionic strength, temperature and pH value on desorption of Cr(III) adsorbed onto GMZ bentonite. Trans. Nonferr. Met. Soc. China 2013, 23, 3482–3489. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jing, C.; Liu, S.; Korfiatis, G.P.; Meng, X. Leaching behavior of Cr(III) in stabilized/solidified soil. Chemosphere 2006, 64, 379–385. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Eary, L.; Rai, D. Kinetics of Chromium(III) Oxidation to Chromium(VI) by Reaction with Manganese Dioxide. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1987, 21, 1187–1193. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chuan, M.C.; Liu, J.C. Release behavior of chromium from tannery sludge. Water Res. 1996, 30, 932–938. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, Y.; Bi, E. Effect of dissolved organic matter on ammonium sorption kinetics and equilibrium to Chinese clinoptilolite. Environ. Technol. 2012, 33, 2395–2403. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Parameter | Value | Parameter | Value | Parameter | Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
pH | 7.67 | Total Cr/mg/kg | 30,970 | Cr2O3/% | 29.00 |
Moisture/% | 64.10 | Cr(III)/mg/kg | 30,800 | Fe2O3/% | 28.61 |
TOC/wt % | 14.30 | Cr(VI)/mg/kg | 170 | CaO/% | 7.04 |
Salinity/mg/kg | 99,000 | total nitrogen/mg/kg | 33,080 | SiO2/% | 5.80 |
C/% | 11.93 | NH4+-N/mg/kg | 16,080 | Na2O/% | 3.87 |
N/% | 2.63 | organic-nitrogen/mg/kg | 16,500 | Al2O3/% | 2.19 |
NH4+-N | Parabolic Diffusion | Power Function | Simple Elovich | |||||||
R2 | R2 | c | R2 | |||||||
SLR | 1:10 | 715.610 | 53.845 | 0.999 | 756.801 | 0.085 | 0.962 | 751.210 | 77.067 | 0.937 |
1:20 | 844.190 | 55.292 | 0.984 | 893.816 | 0.073 | 0.885 | 887.540 | 76.290 | 0.857 | |
1:40 | 707.350 | 111.890 | 0.987 | 787.387 | 0.146 | 0.952 | 783.250 | 159.340 | 0.916 | |
T(°C) | 15 | 694.220 | 54.342 | 0.998 | 738.484 | 0.076 | 0.968 | 735.340 | 64.044 | 0.955 |
25 | 681.610 | 92.591 | 0.994 | 762.498 | 0.116 | 0.959 | 751.860 | 85.245 | 0.886 | |
35 | 621.510 | 165.670 | 0.991 | 768.546 | 0.185 | 0.979 | 742.930 | 154.310 | 0.904 | |
pH | 1 | 1018.100 | 16.480 | 0.910 | 1028.236 | 0.020 | 0.991 | 1028.100 | 20.738 | 0.992 |
3 | 724.350 | 72.013 | 0.984 | 789.895 | 0.088 | 0.905 | 783.900 | 82.109 | 0.882 | |
5 | 721.610 | 66.476 | 0.971 | 773.557 | 0.089 | 0.968 | 769.720 | 79.520 | 0.957 | |
Cr(III) | Parabolic Diffusion | Power Function | Simple Elovich | |||||||
R2 | R2 | c | R2 | |||||||
SLR | 1:10 | 0.349 | 0.140 | 0.988 | 0.496 | 0.234 | 0.946 | 0.457 | 0.194 | 0.871 |
1:20 | 0.261 | 0.277 | 0.969 | 0.455 | 0.408 | 0.989 | 0.408 | 0.412 | 0.980 | |
1:40 | 0.367 | 0.209 | 0.971 | 0.602 | 0.264 | 0.923 | 0.535 | 0.287 | 0.843 | |
T(°C) | 15 | 0.299 | 0.158 | 0.990 | −0.807 | 0.264 | 0.978 | 0.420 | 0.185 | 0.938 |
25 | 0.281 | 0.204 | 0.965 | −0.697 | 0.278 | 0.945 | 0.453 | 0.181 | 0.923 | |
35 | 0.368 | 0.243 | 0.977 | −0.499 | 0.283 | 0.970 | 0.556 | 0.222 | 0.858 | |
pH | 1 | 0.379 | 0.290 | 0.989 | 0.640 | 0.362 | 0.994 | 0.594 | 0.344 | 0.958 |
3 | 0.223 | 0.288 | 0.972 | 0.517 | 0.338 | 0.944 | 0.452 | 0.323 | 0.882 | |
5 | 0.090 | 0.281 | 0.948 | 0.433 | 0.318 | 0.898 | 0.347 | 0.318 | 0.799 |
NH4+-N | Parabolic Diffusion | Simple Elovich | |||||
R2 | c | R2 | |||||
pH | 3.0 | 6.76 | 0.27 | 0.99 | 763.56 | 372.52 | 0.97 |
5.0 | 6.66 | 0.29 | 0.99 | 674.55 | 381.30 | 0.97 | |
7.0 | 6.65 | 0.29 | 0.99 | 662.17 | 370.36 | 0.96 | |
Cr(III) | Parabolic Diffusion | Simple Elovich | |||||
R2 | c | R2 | |||||
pH | 3.0 | 4.07 | 0.53 | 0.96 | 50.81 | 57.56 | 0.98 |
5.0 | 3.90 | 0.48 | 0.98 | 48.00 | 43.00 | 0.93 | |
7.0 | 4.03 | 0.44 | 0.98 | 40.12 | 44.74 | 0.93 |
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Kong, X.; Wang, Y.; Ma, L.; Huang, G.; Zhang, Z.; Han, Z. Leaching Behaviors of Chromium(III) and Ammonium-Nitrogen from a Tannery Sludge in North China: Comparison of Batch and Column Investigations. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 6003. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17166003
Kong X, Wang Y, Ma L, Huang G, Zhang Z, Han Z. Leaching Behaviors of Chromium(III) and Ammonium-Nitrogen from a Tannery Sludge in North China: Comparison of Batch and Column Investigations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(16):6003. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17166003
Chicago/Turabian StyleKong, Xiangke, Yanyan Wang, Lisha Ma, Guoxin Huang, Zhaoji Zhang, and Zhantao Han. 2020. "Leaching Behaviors of Chromium(III) and Ammonium-Nitrogen from a Tannery Sludge in North China: Comparison of Batch and Column Investigations" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16: 6003. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17166003