The Needs and Utilization of Long-Term Care Service Resources by Dementia Family Caregivers and the Affecting Factors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Sampling
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Dementia Behavior Disturbance Scale (DBD)
2.2.2. Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI)
2.2.3. Functional Social Support Scale (FSS)
2.2.4. The Use of Long-Term Care Service Resources Scale
2.2.5. Control Variables
2.3. Ethical Considerations
2.4. Data Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Mean (SD) or % | Caregivers | |
---|---|---|---|
Patients | |||
Gender | Male | 48% | 31% |
Female | 52% | 69% | |
Age | 81.0 (9.8) (max 99 min 52) | 54.3 (12.7) (max 81 min 22) | |
Marital status | Married | 59% | 84% |
Single | 41% | 16% | |
Education | Illiterate | 17% | 6% |
Elementary school | 55% | 7% | |
High school | 19% | 41% | |
College or above | 9% | 46% | |
Religion | Folk beliefs | 29% | 28% |
Buddhist/Taoist | 45% | 43% | |
Christian/Catholic | 13% | 14% | |
None | 13% | 15% | |
Living conditions | Living with family/patient | 83% | 59% |
Single or other | 17% | 41% | |
Relationship to the patients | Spouse | 24% | |
Son | 28% | ||
Daughter | 36% | ||
Daughter in law | 8% | ||
Grandchild | 5% | ||
Employment status | Has a job currently (student) | 47% | |
Has no job or retired | 40% | ||
Part-time job | 13% | ||
Number of years taking care of the patient | 1 year or below | 19% | |
1–2 years | 13% | ||
2 years or above | 68% | ||
Co-caregivers | No | 25% | |
Family member | 61% | ||
Local/foreign worker | 14% | ||
Subjective financial status | difficult | 18% | |
still good | 73% | ||
wellbeing | 9% | ||
Self-rated health status | poor | 29% | |
moderate | 47% | ||
good | 24% |
Variables | Min | Max | Mean | SD |
---|---|---|---|---|
Caregiver Burden Scale | ||||
time burden | 5 | 20 | 15.6 | 3.1 |
life development burden | 5 | 20 | 12.8 | 3.5 |
physical burden | 4 | 16 | 10.4 | 3.1 |
burden on social and family relationships | 5 | 20 | 10.7 | 3.1 |
emotional burden | 4 | 16 | 7.6 | 2.6 |
total score | 24 | 91 | 57.0 | 12.4 |
Functional Social Support Scale | ||||
instrumental support | 7 | 28 | 18.2 | 4.7 |
informational support | 3 | 12 | 7.6 | 2.0 |
emotional support | 6 | 24 | 15.6 | 4.0 |
total score | 16 | 64 | 41.3 | 9.7 |
Symptoms | Non-Use | Use | Weighting | Ranking | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
repeating the same question | 2.18 | 2.03 | 211 | 1 | 0.34 |
losing things, misplace things | 1.95 | 1.98 | 201 | 2 | 0.83 |
sleeping much during the day | 1.83 | 1.67 | 179 | 3 | 0.35 |
repeating the same action | 1.63 | 1.57 | 171 | 4 | 0.75 |
waking up at night for no reason | 1.33 | 1.53 | 160 | 5 | 0.26 |
hoarding for no reason | 1.05 | 1.47 | 156 | 6 | 0.05 * |
other behaviors that bother you | 1.15 | 1.00 | 152 | 7 | 0.54 |
anxious or restless | 1.05 | 1.50 | 151 | 8 | 0.01 ** |
staying up at night walking or doing things | 1.13 | 1.35 | 151 | 8 | 0.24 |
getting lost when going out alone | 1.05 | 1.27 | 148 | 10 | 0.30 |
urinary incontinence | 0.82 | 1.25 | 139 | 11 | 0.02 * |
walking around at home or outdoors purposelessly | 0.90 | 1.17 | 139 | 11 | 0.18 |
interest in daily activities | 1.17 | 1.23 | 137 | 13 | 0.72 |
accusing others (e.g., of stealing their belongings) | 0.77 | 1.07 | 135 | 14 | 0.14 |
verbal or physical aggression | 0.87 | 1.18 | 133 | 15 | 0.02 * |
eating too much | 0.83 | 1.13 | 130 | 16 | 0.66 |
refusing others’ help with their hygiene | 0.72 | 1.12 | 130 | 16 | 0.02 * |
inappropriate dressing | 1.03 | 0.95 | 129 | 18 | 0.67 |
refusing to eat | 0.80 | 1.07 | 126 | 19 | 0.94 |
emotional incontinence, uncontrollable bursts out crying or laughing | 0.80 | 0.85 | 121 | 20 | 0.76 |
fecal incontinence | 0.45 | 0.82 | 121 | 20 | 0.03 * |
breaking out and getting lost | 0.30 | 0.67 | 117 | 22 | 0.03 * |
throwaway food | 0.23 | 0.67 | 116 | 23 | 0.01 ** |
aggressive behavior (e.g., hit, bite, catch, kick, spit, etc.) | 0.15 | 0.58 | 111 | 24 | 0.00 ** |
tearing up clothes | 0.13 | 0.48 | 111 | 24 | 0.01 ** |
indecently exposing private part of the body/ indecent behavior | 0.20 | 0.42 | 109 | 26 | 0.10 |
sexual harassment | 0.02 | 0.32 | 106 | 27 | 0.01 ** |
screaming for no reason | 0.20 | 0.52 | 67 | 28 | 0.02 * |
Variables | Non-Use | Use | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) or % | Mean (SD) or % | p | ||
Gender | Male | 11 | 20 | 0.54 |
Female | 29 | 40 | ||
Age | 57.25 (13.36) | 52.35 (12.99) | 0.06 | |
Marital status | single | 4 | 12 | 0.18 |
married | 36 | 48 | ||
Educational level | illiterate | 3 | 3 | 0.80 |
elementary school | 3 | 4 | ||
high school | 18 | 23 | ||
college or above | 16 | 30 | ||
Religion | fork beliefs | 11 | 18 | 0.88 |
Buddhist/Taoist | 20 | 25 | ||
Christian/Catholic | 5 | 8 | ||
None | 4 | 9 | ||
Employment status | has a job currently | 15 | 31 | 0.08 |
has no job or retired | 21 | 19 | ||
part-time job | 3 | 10 | ||
student | 1 | 0 | ||
Relationship to the patients | spouse | 11 | 12 | 0.75 |
son | 10 | 18 | ||
daughter | 14 | 22 | ||
daughter in law | 4 | 4 | ||
grandchild | 1 | 4 | ||
Living conditions | live with patient | 30 | 29 | 0.01 ** |
not live with patient | 10 | 31 | ||
Number of years taking care of the patient | 1 year or below | 9 | 11 | 0.77 |
1–2 years | 4 | 9 | ||
2 years or above | 28 | 40 | ||
Co-caregivers | no | 8 | 17 | 0.54 |
family member | 25 | 36 | ||
local/foreign worker | 7 | 7 | ||
Financial status | difficult common | 6 29 | 12 44 | 0.55 |
good | 5 | 4 | ||
Self-rated health status | poor | 13 | 16 | 0.04 * |
moderate | 13 | 34 | ||
good | 14 | 10 | ||
BPSD | 24.63 (12.10) | 30.85 (12.10) | 0.02 * | |
Caregiver’s burden | 54.35 (15.07) | 58.75 (10.05) | 0.08 | |
Social support | 40.39 (10.97) | 41.92 (8.873) | 0.61 |
Variables | Use of Resource | Caregiver’s Age | Patient’s BPSD | Caregiver’s Burden | Social Support |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
use of resource | 1.000 | ||||
caregiver’s age | −0.253 * | 1.000 | |||
patient’s BPSD | 0.245 * | −0.228 * | 1.000 | ||
caregiver’s burden | 0.077 | 0.058 | 0.464 ** | 1.000 | |
social support | −0.003 | −0.083 | −0.421 ** | −0.594 ** | 1.000 |
Variables | B | S.E. | Wald | df | P | Exp(B) | 95% CI for EXP(B) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower Limit | Upper Limit | |||||||
constant | −1.288 | 0.584 | 4.856 | 1 | 0.028 * | 0.276 | ||
living condition | 1.258 | 0.465 | 7.316 | 1 | 0.007 ** | 3.519 | 1.414 | 8.759 |
BPSD | 0.044 | 0.018 | 5.800 | 1 | 0.016 * | 1.045 | 1.008 | 1.083 |
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Chang, C.-H.; Ming, Y.; Chang, T.-H.; Yen, Y.-Y.; Lan, S.-J. The Needs and Utilization of Long-Term Care Service Resources by Dementia Family Caregivers and the Affecting Factors. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 6009. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17166009
Chang C-H, Ming Y, Chang T-H, Yen Y-Y, Lan S-J. The Needs and Utilization of Long-Term Care Service Resources by Dementia Family Caregivers and the Affecting Factors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(16):6009. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17166009
Chicago/Turabian StyleChang, Chia-Hui, Yung Ming, Tsung-Hung Chang, Yea-Yin Yen, and Shou-Jen Lan. 2020. "The Needs and Utilization of Long-Term Care Service Resources by Dementia Family Caregivers and the Affecting Factors" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16: 6009. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17166009