Occurrence of Pasteurella multocida in Dogs Being Trained for Animal-Assisted Therapy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampling
2.2. Isolation and Characterization of P. multocida
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
Limits
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dogs Data | No. of Samples | No. of Positive Samples (%) | CI † (95%) | p * |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | ||||
3–12 months | 30 | 4 (13.33) | 6.0–25.5 | >0.05 |
>12 months | 170 | 21 (12.35) | 11.30–14.5 | |
Sex | ||||
Female | 75 | 17 (22.7) | 16.5–30.5 | 0.001 |
Male | 125 | 8 (6.4) | 4.5–9.5 | |
Breed | ||||
Crossbred | 110 | 20 (18.8) | 14.0–23.5 | 0.01 |
Purebred | 90 | 5 (5.6) | 3.0–9.5 | |
Living conditions | ||||
Outdoor | 58 | 13 (22.4) | 15.0–31.5 | 0.01 |
Indoor | 142 | 12 (8.4) | 6.5–11.0 |
Independent Variable | Standard Error | p Value | Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low | High | ||||
Sex | |||||
Female vs. Male | 0.45 | 0.001 | 4.28 | 1.74 | 10.51 |
Living conditions | |||||
Outdoor vs. indoor | 0.43 | 0.01 | 3.13 | 1.33 | 7.35 |
β0 | β1 (Sex) | β2 (Breed) | β3 (Living Conditions) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
coefficient | −1.151 | −1.496 | −1.382 | 1.054 |
p | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
exp(coefficient) | 0.316 | 0.224 | 0.251 | 2.870 |
Sex | Breed * | Living Conditions | Predicted Probability | Estimated Probability (CI) ** | Count | Actual Positives | Expected Positives | OR † |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | C | Indoor | 0.240 | 0.230 (0.090, 0.436) | 26 | 6 | 6.245 | 0.316 |
M | C | Indoor | 0.066 | 0.061 (0.013, 0.169) | 49 | 3 | 3.240 | 0.071 |
F | P | Indoor | 0.073 | 0.125 (0.027, 0.324) | 24 | 3 | 1.763 | 0.079 |
M | P | Indoor | 0.017 | 0 (0.000, 0.082) | 43 | 0 | 0.751 | 0.018 |
F | C | Outdoor | 0.476 | 0.400 (0.163, 0.677) | 15 | 6 | 7.136 | 0.907 |
M | C | Outdoor | 0.169 | 0.250 (0.087, 0.491) | 20 | 5 | 3.378 | 0.203 |
F | P | Outdoor | 0.185 | 0.200 (0.025, 0.556) | 10 | 2 | 1.855 | 0.228 |
M | P | Outdoor | 0.048 | 0 (0.000, 0.247) | 13 | 0 | 0.631 | 0.051 |
Total | 200 | 25 |
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Santaniello, A.; Garzillo, S.; Amato, A.; Sansone, M.; Fioretti, A.; Menna, L.F. Occurrence of Pasteurella multocida in Dogs Being Trained for Animal-Assisted Therapy. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 6385. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176385
Santaniello A, Garzillo S, Amato A, Sansone M, Fioretti A, Menna LF. Occurrence of Pasteurella multocida in Dogs Being Trained for Animal-Assisted Therapy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(17):6385. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176385
Chicago/Turabian StyleSantaniello, Antonio, Susanne Garzillo, Alessia Amato, Mario Sansone, Alessandro Fioretti, and Lucia Francesca Menna. 2020. "Occurrence of Pasteurella multocida in Dogs Being Trained for Animal-Assisted Therapy" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17: 6385. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176385
APA StyleSantaniello, A., Garzillo, S., Amato, A., Sansone, M., Fioretti, A., & Menna, L. F. (2020). Occurrence of Pasteurella multocida in Dogs Being Trained for Animal-Assisted Therapy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17), 6385. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176385