Levels and Correlates of Physical Activity in Rural Ingwavuma Community, uMkhanyakude District, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design and Setting
2.2. Participants and Procedures
2.3. Measures
2.4. Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Female | Male | Total | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % (SD) | n | % (SD) | n | % (SD) | ||
Age | 42.1 | 17.5 | 43.9 | 17.2 | 42.7 | 17.4 | |
Age group | 18–29 | 82 | 30.9 | 34 | 26.8 | 116 | 29.6 |
30–39 | 56 | 21.1 | 25 | 19.7 | 81 | 20.7 | |
40–49 | 41 | 15.5 | 18 | 14.2 | 59 | 15.1 | |
50–59 | 40 | 15.1 | 24 | 18.9 | 64 | 16.3 | |
60+ | 46 | 17.4 | 26 | 20.5 | 72 | 18.4 | |
Marital status | Single | 166 | 62.6 | 78 | 61.4 | 244 | 62.2 |
Married | 42 | 15.9 | 20 | 15.8 | 62 | 15.8 | |
Cohabiting | 36 | 13.6 | 25 | 19.7 | 61 | 15.6 | |
Widowed/divorced | 21 | 7.9 | 4 | 3.2 | 25 | 6.4 | |
Education level | None | 88 | 33.2 | 35 | 27.6 | 123 | 31.4 |
Primary school | 67 | 25.3 | 38 | 29.9 | 105 | 26.8 | |
Secondary school | 106 | 40.0 | 46 | 36.2 | 152 | 38.8 | |
Post-secondary | 4 | 1.51 | 8 | 6.3 | 12 | 3.1 | |
Occupational status | Unemployed | 229 | 86.4 | 98 | 77.2 | 327 | 83.4 |
Self employed | 19 | 7.2 | 9 | 7.1 | 28 | 7.1 | |
Employed | 4 | 1.5 | 10 | 7.9 | 14 | 3.6 | |
Other | 13 | 4.9 | 10 | 7.9 | 23 | 5.9 | |
Body mass index | Underweight | 14 | 5.3 | 12 | 9.5 | 26 | 6.6 |
Normal-weight | 91 | 34.2 | 75 | 59.1 | 166 | 42.2 | |
Overweight | 87 | 32.7 | 26 | 205 | 113 | 28.8 | |
Obese | 74 | 27.8 | 14 | 11.0 | 88 | 22.4 | |
Grow crops in field | No | 86 | 32.5 | 45 | 35.4 | 131 | 33.4 |
Yes | 179 | 67.6 | 82 | 64.6 | 261 | 66.6 | |
Inactivity may lead to poor health outcomes | No | 177 | 66.8 | 97 | 76.4 | 274 | 69.9 |
Yes | 67 | 25.3 | 22 | 17.3 | 89 | 22.7 | |
Don’t know | 21 | 7.9 | 8 | 6.3 | 29 | 7.4 | |
Advised by a health worker to be physically active | No | 109 | 41.0 | 57 | 44.9 | 166 | 42.2 |
Yes | 124 | 46.6 | 56 | 44.1 | 180 | 45.8 | |
Don’t remember | 32 | 12.4 | 14 | 11.0 | 46 | 12.0 | |
Total | 265 | 100 | 127 | 100 | 392 | 100 |
Variable | Weekly Physical Activity Level (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Low | Sufficient | High | ||
Overall | 10.9 | 14.3 | 74.8 | |
Gender | Female | 12.0 | 17.7 | 70.3 |
Male | 8.7 | 7.1 | 84.3 | |
Age group | <30 | 7.7 | 14.5 | 77.8 |
30–39 | 4.9 | 12.4 | 82.7 | |
40–49 | 8.5 | 6.8 | 84.8 | |
50–59 | 7.8 | 18.8 | 73.4 | |
60+ | 27.8 | 18.1 | 54.2 | |
Marital status | Single | 6.5 | 12.2 | 81.2 |
Cohabiting | 16.1 | 19.4 | 64.5 | |
Married | 14.8 | 16.4 | 68.9 | |
Other | 32.0 | 16.0 | 52.0 | |
Education | None | 19.5 | 13.8 | 66.7 |
Primary | 6.7 | 19.1 | 74.3 | |
Secondary | 7.2 | 12.4 | 80.4 | |
Post-secondary | 8.3 | 0.0 | 91.7 | |
Occupational status | Unemployed | 12.5 | 14.0 | 73.5 |
Self-employed | 3.6 | 17.9 | 78.6 | |
Employed | 0.0 | 7.1 | 92.9 | |
Other | 4.4 | 17.4 | 78.3 | |
Body mass index | Underweight | 26.9 | 7.7 | 65.4 |
Normal-weight | 7.8 | 13.3 | 78.9 | |
Overweight | 8.6 | 12.9 | 78.5 | |
Obese | 16.1 | 17.3 | 66.7 | |
Inactivity may lead to poor health outcomes | No | 16.7 | 16.7 | 66.7 |
Yes | 8.4 | 13.1 | 78.5 | |
Don’t know | 17.2 | 17.2 | 65.5 | |
Advised to be physically active | No | 10.8 | 17.5 | 71.7 |
Yes | 11.7 | 11.1 | 77.2 | |
Don’t remember | 8.5 | 14.9 | 76.6 |
Predictors | Model 1 | Model 2 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | β | Sig. | 95% CI | B | β | Sig. | 95% CI | ||
Constant | 747.6 | 0.000 | 586.5–908.6 | 873.5 | 0.000 | 647.2–1099.7 | |||
Gender | (Female) Male | 455.4 | 0.25 | 0.000 | 277.9–633.0 | 408.1 | 0.22 | 0.000 | 214.0–602.2 |
Age-group | (18–29) 30–39 | 164.4 | 0.08 | 0.175 | −73.3–402.0 | 196.9 | 0.09 | 0.126 | −55.8–449.6 |
40–49 | 228.6 | 0.09 | 0.088 | −33.8–491.1 | 293.7 | 0.12 | 0.067 | −20.3–607.7 | |
50–59 | −3.3 | −0.00 | 0.980 | −259.2–252.7 | 107.1 | 0.05 | 0.548 | −243.4–457.7 | |
≥60 | −276.2 | −0.12 | 0.028 | −522.8–−29.7 | −109.5 | −0.05 | 0.547 | −467.2–248.1 | |
Education | (Secondary) None | 68.8 | 0.04 | 0.653 | −231.8–369.4 | ||||
Primary | −37.0 | −0.02 | 0.758 | −280.0–204.1 | |||||
Post-secondary | −84.5 | −0.02 | 0.744 | −592.2–423.2 | |||||
Marital status | (Single) Married | −259.1 | −0.12 | 0.037 | −503.0–−15.1 | ||||
Cohabiting | −322.3 | −0.13 | 0.013 | −577.4–−67.1 | |||||
Other | −313.2 | −0.09 | 0.102 | −688.6–62.2 | |||||
Employment status | (Unemployed) Self employed | 213.2 | 0.06 | 0.207 | −118.6–545.1 | ||||
Employed | 163.3 | 0.04 | 0.493 | −304.7–631.3 | |||||
Other | −175.3 | −0.05 | 0.362 | −552.6–202.0 | |||||
BMI | (Normal-weight) Underweight | −68.0 | −0.02 | 0.704 | −419.2–283.2 | ||||
Overweight | −6.5 | −0.00 | 0.951 | −215.8–202.8 | |||||
Obese | −203.7 | −0.01 | 0.087 | −437.4–29.9 | |||||
Inactivity has adverse effects? | (Yes) No | −160.9 | −0.08 | 0.156 | −383.2–61.4 | ||||
Don’t know | −339.7 | −0.10 | 0.040 | −663.8–−15.5 | |||||
Advised to be active | (No) Yes | 42.2 | 0.03 | 0.530 | −89.9–174.4 | ||||
R-squared | 0.92 | 0.000 | 0.14 | 0.118 | |||||
Adjusted- R-squared | 0.81 | 0.10 |
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Chikafu, H.; Chimbari, M.J. Levels and Correlates of Physical Activity in Rural Ingwavuma Community, uMkhanyakude District, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 6739. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186739
Chikafu H, Chimbari MJ. Levels and Correlates of Physical Activity in Rural Ingwavuma Community, uMkhanyakude District, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(18):6739. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186739
Chicago/Turabian StyleChikafu, Herbert, and Moses J. Chimbari. 2020. "Levels and Correlates of Physical Activity in Rural Ingwavuma Community, uMkhanyakude District, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18: 6739. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186739
APA StyleChikafu, H., & Chimbari, M. J. (2020). Levels and Correlates of Physical Activity in Rural Ingwavuma Community, uMkhanyakude District, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(18), 6739. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186739