Sustainable Development of Industry–Environmental System Based on Resilience Perspective
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (1)
- Evaluate environmental pollution, resource consuming, and industrial adjustment in a quantitative way, and give the pressure levels of different indexes in industrial–environment system. Identify resilience changing curve of industrial activities sub-system and environment subsystem by using resilience quantitative and analyze the coupled system adaptive ability.
- (2)
- The validity of the evaluation model is verified by an empirical case. The results of the study provide guidance for the sustainable development of Chengdu and provide decision-making basis for promoting industrial development and maintaining economic and ecological balance.
- (3)
- Master the resilient change law of the industry–environmental system, discuss and understand the characteristics of different stages, and explore the appropriate implementation cycle and feedback effects of various key indicators. In the period of industrial transformation and development of various cities, it contributes to policy changes, industrial adjustment, and strategy formulation.
2. Background
2.1. Literature Review
2.2. Research Framework
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Evaluation Index System
Data Standardization
3.2. Environmental Performance Index
3.3. Industrial Structure Entropy
3.4. Catastrophe Theory
3.5. Adaptive Cycle Model
4. Case Study
4.1. Research Case Area
4.2. Data Acquisition and Processing
4.2.1. Data Processing Results Analysis of EPI
4.2.2. Data Processing Results Analysis of ISE
4.3. Analytic Results
4.3.1. Environmental Sub-System
4.3.2. Industrial Activity Sub-System
4.3.3. Resilience Change in the Industry–Environmental Systems
4.4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Authors | Environment Sub-System | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Economy | Production | Industrial Structure | Land Use | Pollution | Treatment | Resource Consumption | |
Yang et al. [33] | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||
Li et al. [38] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | |
Chen and Zhao [46] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||
Zhou et al. [47] | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||
Xiong et al. [48] | √ | √ | √ | ||||
Wang et al. [49] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||
Huang et al. [42] | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||
Chang et al. [44] | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||
Chaim et al. [50] | √ | √ | √ | ||||
Zhang et al. [43] | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||
Li et al. [39] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ |
Sub-Systems | Criteria Layer | Indicators | Direction |
---|---|---|---|
Industrial activity (A1) | Economy (B1) | Output value of the primary industry (C11) + | ↓ |
Output value of the secondary industry (C12) + | ↓ | ||
Output value of the tertiary industry (C13) ++ | ↑ | ||
Production (B2) | Proportion of industry (C24) ++ | ↑ | |
industrial structure (C25) + | ↑ | ||
Output value of agriculture, Forest, Animal husbandry and fishery (C26) + | ↓ | ||
Environment (A2) | Land resource (B3) | Construction land area (C37) * | ↑ |
cultivated field (C38) ++ | ↑ | ||
Other resources (B4) | Energy consumption (C49) ++ | ↑ | |
Water consumption (C410) ++ | ↑ | ||
Power consumption (C411) ++ | ↑ | ||
Pollution (B5) | Wastewater discharge (C512) ++ | ↑ | |
Industry Waste gas (C513) ++ | ↑ | ||
Industrial Smoke dust (C514) ++ | ↑ | ||
Industrial Solid waste (C515) ++ | ↑ | ||
Treatment (B6) | Industrial solid wastes utilization (C616) + | ↓ | |
Wastewater treatment capacity (C617) ++ | ↑ |
Approaches | Measure | References | Description |
---|---|---|---|
Passive survival rate and proactive survival rate | Resilience (Ψ) = Reliability (R) + Restoration (ρ) | Youn, Hu and Wang [62] | Passive survival refers to the reliability of the system, and active survival represents the resilience of the system. Although this method is most suitable for earthquakes, it can still be used to quantify the resiliency of other systems. |
Dynamic resilience (DR) | DR = | Rose [63] | Dynamic resilience calculation based on hastened recovery (SOHR) and without hastened recovery (SOWR) |
The Bayesian network | P(Y1,Y2,Y3,…,Yn) = P(Y1/Y2,Y3,…,Yn)P(Y2, /Y3,…,Yn)…P(Yn-1/Pn)P(Yn) | Fenton and Neil [64] | The BN is a powerful tool for risk evaluation, reliability prediction, and decision making under the stochastic conditions of a complex system. It makes statistical inference in a reasonable way by updating the prior beliefs of an elementary event |
The catastrophe theory | Fold: V = x3 + ax; Xa1 = ; Cusp: V = x4 + ax2 + bx; Xa1 = , Xa2 = ; Swallowtail: V = x5 + ax3 + bx2 + cx; Xa1 = , Xa2 = , Xa3 = ; Butterfly: V = x6 + ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx; Xa1 = , Xa2 = , Xa3 = , Xa4 = | Y. Li, Y.F. Li and M. Kappas [39] | The catastrophe theory contains four models with different equilibrium surfaces: Fold, Cusp, Swallowtail, and Butterfly. The dimension of control variables in a sub-system dictates the calculation model, which means the number of indicator in sub-system determines the model. Since catastrophe theory follows a hierarchical process, the resilience value is calculated by indicator to sub-system. |
Year | Power Consumption | Water Consumption | Energy Consumption | Construction Land Area | Wastewater Discharge | Industry Waste Gas | Industrial Smoke Dust | Industrial Solid Waste |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2000 | 0.471 | 0.066 | 0.233 | 0.716 | 0.694 | 0.402 | 0.95 | 0.274 |
2001 | 0.3973 | 0.0492 | 0.2133 | 0.6007 | 0.5325 | 0.3492 | 0.7736 | 0.2511 |
2002 | 0.3728 | 0.0536 | 0.2094 | 0.6587 | 0.5496 | 0.3363 | 0.7733 | 0.2299 |
2003 | 0.3873 | 0.0573 | 0.2105 | 0.681 | 0.5685 | 0.3301 | 0.7943 | 0.2231 |
2004 | 0.3748 | 0.06 | 0.1984 | 0.6098 | 0.5561 | 0.3031 | 0.8288 | 0.2145 |
2005 | 0.4644 | 0.0782 | 0.2305 | 0.7668 | 0.7103 | 0.3786 | 0.8045 | 0.2492 |
2006 | 0.4628 | 0.0699 | 0.2462 | 0.8122 | 0.5737 | 0.3838 | 0.3881 | 0.3265 |
2007 | 0.5887 | 0.0719 | 0.2409 | 0.8787 | 0.4723 | 0.5873 | 0.3146 | 0.2898 |
2008 | 0.6117 | 0.0815 | 0.2319 | 0.9023 | 0.6717 | 0.3943 | 0.2591 | 0.3086 |
2009 | 0.6189 | 0.0793 | 0.2169 | 0.8359 | 0.6916 | 0.3547 | 0.2862 | 0.2186 |
2010 | 0.6042 | 0.0811 | 0.1971 | 0.825 | 0.6663 | 0.3182 | 0.2428 | 0.1581 |
2011 | 0.5763 | 0.0813 | 0.1859 | 0.7925 | 0.6036 | 0.2463 | 0.1219 | 0.1127 |
2012 | 0.5476 | 0.082 | 0.1554 | 0.7326 | 0.6058 | 0.2489 | 0.1323 | 0.1176 |
2013 | 0.5343 | 0.0836 | 0.1492 | 0.7175 | 0.6323 | 0.147 | 0.1095 | 0.1059 |
2014 | 0.5406 | 0.0974 | 0.1806 | 0.7022 | 0.6454 | 0.1511 | 0.0938 | 0.0885 |
2015 | 0.5324 | 0.0904 | 0.187 | 0.7437 | 0.7108 | 0.1207 | 0.0855 | 0.0571 |
2016 | 0.545 | 0.1131 | 0.1822 | 0.8926 | 0.8141 | 0.1024 | 0.0756 | 0.0585 |
2017 | 0.1094 | 0.1748 | 0.8747 | 0.8405 | 0.0928 | 0.0743 | 0.0468 |
Grades | Resilience Interval |
---|---|
1. Non-resilience | <0.81 |
2. Low-resilience | 0.81–0.82 |
3. Resilience | 0.82–0.86 |
4. Mid-resilience | 0.86–0.93 |
5. High-resilience | >0.93 |
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Wan, X.; Yang, X.; Wen, Q.; Gang, J.; Gan, L. Sustainable Development of Industry–Environmental System Based on Resilience Perspective. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 645. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020645
Wan X, Yang X, Wen Q, Gang J, Gan L. Sustainable Development of Industry–Environmental System Based on Resilience Perspective. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(2):645. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020645
Chicago/Turabian StyleWan, Xue, Xiaoning Yang, Quaner Wen, Jun Gang, and Lu Gan. 2020. "Sustainable Development of Industry–Environmental System Based on Resilience Perspective" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2: 645. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020645