Preparedness and Response to the COVID-19 Emergency: Experience from the Teaching Hospital of Pisa, Italy
Abstract
:1. Introduction and Epidemiology
2. Regional Management of Pandemic
3. The North-West Area Setting and the Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana Renovation Plan
3.1. Reorganization of Hospital Services
3.2. Management of Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19 Patients
3.3. Management of Corpses
3.4. Guidelines for Cleaning and Disinfection
- 70% ethyl alcohol;
- 0.5% hydrogen peroxide;
- sodium hypochlorite (0.1–0.5% free chlorine);
- other disinfectants proved for virucidal activity according to European Standard (EN) 14,476 for medical devices [21].
3.5. Implementation of Cleaning and Disinfection Procedures
3.6. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Setting 1—Emergency Department (Pre-Triage Area—Emergency Room—Diagnostic Radiology) All Patients Have Surgical Mask | |||||||
Location | Activity | Surgical Mask | FFP2/FFP3 Mask | Eye Protection | Gown | Gloves | Overshoes and Hair Cap |
Pre-Triage Area | Pre-Triage | X | X | 1 pair | |||
Not-COVID Area | Triage, Healthcare, Cleaning, Reception | X | X | 1 pair | |||
COVID Area | Swabbing, Healthcare, Cleaning | X | X | X | 2 pair | X | |
Setting 2—Medical Stays All Patients Have Surgical Mask | |||||||
Location | Activity | Surgical Mask | FFP2/FFP3 Mask | Eye Protection | Gown | Gloves | Overshoes and Hair Cap |
Not-COVID Area | Healthcare, Swabbing, Cleaning | X | X(swabbing) | X(swabbing) | X | 1 pair | X |
COVID Area | Healthcare, Swabbing, Cleaning | X | X | X | 2 pair | X | |
Setting 3—Operating Rooms All Patients Have Surgical Mask | |||||||
Location | Activity | Surgical Mask | FFP2/FFP3 Mask | Eye Protection | Gown | Gloves | Overshoes and Hair Cap |
Not-COVID Area | Patient Entrance, Intubation and Intervention, Cleaning | X | X | 1 pair | X | ||
COVID Area | Patient Entrance, Intubation and Intervention, Cleaning | X | X | X | 2 pair | X | |
Setting 4—Delivery Area All Patients Have Surgical Mask | |||||||
Location | Activity | Surgical Mask | FFP2/FFP3 Mask | Eye Protection | Gown | Gloves | Overshoes and Hair Cap |
Not-COVID Area | Patient Entrance, Delivery, Cleaning | X | X | 1 pair | X | ||
COVID Area | Patient Entrance, Delivery, Cleaning | X | X | X | 2 pair | X | |
Setting 5—Mortuary All Patients Have Surgical Mask | |||||||
Location | Activity | Surgical Mask | FFP2/FFP3 Mask | Eye Protection | Gown | Gloves | Overshoes and Hair Cap |
Death in Not-COVID Area | Assistance, Transport, Cleaning | X | X | 1 pair | |||
Death in COVID Area | Assistance, Transport, Cleaning | X | X | 2 pair | X | ||
Necropsy Area for COVID Dead Body | Necropsy | X | X | x | 2 pair | X |
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Share and Cite
Baggiani, A.; Briani, S.; Luchini, G.; Giraldi, M.; Milli, C.; Cristaudo, A.; Trillini, L.; Rossi, L.; Gaffi, S.; Ceccanti, G.; et al. Preparedness and Response to the COVID-19 Emergency: Experience from the Teaching Hospital of Pisa, Italy. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 7376. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207376
Baggiani A, Briani S, Luchini G, Giraldi M, Milli C, Cristaudo A, Trillini L, Rossi L, Gaffi S, Ceccanti G, et al. Preparedness and Response to the COVID-19 Emergency: Experience from the Teaching Hospital of Pisa, Italy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(20):7376. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207376
Chicago/Turabian StyleBaggiani, Angelo, Silvia Briani, Grazia Luchini, Mauro Giraldi, Carlo Milli, Alfonso Cristaudo, Lucia Trillini, Lorenzo Rossi, Stefano Gaffi, Giovanni Ceccanti, and et al. 2020. "Preparedness and Response to the COVID-19 Emergency: Experience from the Teaching Hospital of Pisa, Italy" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20: 7376. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207376