Klebsiella and Enterobacter Isolated from Mangrove Wetland Soils in Thailand and Their Application in Biological Decolorization of Textile Reactive Dyes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Sampling of Mangrove Wetland Soils
2.3. Enrichment and Isolation of Bacteria from Mangrove Wetland Soils
2.4. Screening of Dye-Decolorizing Bacteria by Rapid RBBR Method
2.5. Growth Characterization of Dye-Decolorizing Bacteria
2.6. Identification of Dye-Decolorizing Bacteria
2.7. Preparation of Crude Peroxidases and Laccase
2.8. Determination of Bacterial Peroxidase and Laccase Activities
2.9. Dye Decolorization Efficiency of Bacterial Monoculture and Mixed Culture
2.10. Data Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Sampling of Mangrove Soils
3.2. Enrichment and Isolation of Bacteria from Mangrove Soil
3.3. Screening of Dye-Decolorizing Bacteria by Rapid RBBR Method
3.4. Growth Characterization of Dye-Decolorizing Bacteria
3.5. Genotypic Identification of Dye-Decolorizing Bacteria
3.6. Determination of Bacterial Peroxidase and Laccase Activities
3.7. Dye Decolorization Efficiency of Bacterial Monoculture and Mixed Culture
4. Conclusions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Textile Reactive Dye | Class of Textile Reactive Dye | λmax (nm) |
---|---|---|
C.I. Reactive Black 1 | Azo | 606 |
C.I. Reactive Brown 1 | Azo | 489 |
C.I. Reactive Blue 19 | Anthraquinone | 592 |
C.I. Reactive Blue 194 | Azo | 594 |
C.I. Reactive Blue 21 | Phthalocyanine | 670 |
C.I. Reactive Green 19 | Azo | 636 |
C.I. Reactive Orange 122 | Azo | 489 |
C.I. Reactive Red 195 | Azo | 544 |
C.I. Reactive Yellow 167 | Azo | 408 |
Pigmentation (Percentage) | Shape (Percentage) | Margin (Percentage) | Elevation (Percentage) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
White | 49.47 | Circular | 94.22 | Entire | 71.57 | Raised | 42.63 |
Yellow | 23.16 | Filamentous | 3.68 | Erose | 12.11 | Convex | 42.11 |
Red | 10.00 | Irregular | 1.58 | Undulate | 11.58 | Umbonate | 10.52 |
Colorless | 17.37 | Punctiform | 0.52 | Filamentous | 4.74 | Flat | 4.74 |
Total | 100.00 | Total | 100.00 | Total | 100.00 | Total | 100.00 |
Bacterial Isolate | Close Bacteria | GenBank Accession Number (References) | Query Cover (%) | Identity (%) * | GenBank Accession Number (Deposited) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
RY10302 | Klebsiella pneumoniae | NR_117683.1 | 97 | 99.02 | MT355793 |
strain DSM 30104 | |||||
RY10402 | Enterobacter tabaci | NR_146667.2 | 98 | 97.38 | MT355794 |
strain YIM Hb-3 | |||||
RY11902 | Enterobacter tabaci | NR_146667.2 | 99 | 97.91 | MT355798 |
strain YIM Hb-3 | |||||
RY11903 | Enterobacter tabaci | NR_146667.2 | 100 | 98.36 | MT355797 |
strain YIM Hb-3 |
Bacterial Strain | Enzymatic Activities (U/mL) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Lignin Peroxidase | Manganese Peroxidase | Laccase | |
K. pneumoniae | No activity | No activity | 0.45 ± 0.03 a (p < 0.001) |
strain RY10302 | |||
Enterobacter sp. | 0.13 ± 0.02 a (p < 0.001) | No activity | 0.81 ± 0.02 c (p < 0.001) |
strain RY10402 | |||
Enterobacter sp. | 0.62 ± 0.03 b (p < 0.001) | No activity | 0.66 ± 0.02 b (p < 0.001) |
strain RY11902 | |||
Enterobacter sp. | 0.86 ± 0.06 c (p < 0.001) | No activity | 1.47 ± 0.03 d (p < 0.001) |
strain RY11903 |
Bacterial Strain | Decolorization of Textile Reactive Dye (%) at 72 h of Incubation | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Black 1 | Brown 1 | Blue 19 | Blue 194 | Blue 21 | Green 19 | Orange 122 | Red 195 | Yellow 167 | |
K. pneumoniae | 24.65 ± 0.74 b | 24.96 ± 0.26 b | 26.51 ± 0.44 b | 42.43 ± 0.35 b | 55.97 ± 0.05 b | 45.49 ± 0.60 b | 21.00 ± 0.01 b | 20.10 ± 0.00 b | 22.00 ± 0.01 b |
strain | |||||||||
RY10302 | |||||||||
Enterobacter sp. | 49.00 ± 0.00 c | 38.30 ± 0.26 c | 43.94 ± 0.07 d | 37.83 ± 0.29 b | 86.23 ± 0.32 d | 67.23 ± 0.40 c | 34.96 ± 1.12 c | 45.23 ± 1.71 c | 44.29 ± 0.66 c |
strain | |||||||||
RY10402 | |||||||||
Enterobacter sp. | 89.52 ± 1.41 e | 66.27 ± 4.70 d | 37.27 ± 3.96 c | 92.45 ± 0.40 d | 88.67 ± 0.42 e | 91.09 ± 0.68 e | 54.50 ± 2.17 e | 60.27 ± 2.18d | 40.86 ± 3.71 c |
strain | |||||||||
RY11902 | |||||||||
Enterobacter sp. strain | 73.85 ± 3.18 d | 72.32 ± 1.71 d | 60.34 ± 0.94 e | 69.91 ± 5.24 c | 82.70 ± 0.76 c | 81.35 ± 0.84 d | 40.38 ± 2.02 d | 64.22 ± 2.48 d | 50.17 ± 2.12 d |
RY11903 | |||||||||
Mixed | 94.20 ± 0.83 f | 83.03 ± 2.36 e | 58.25 ± 1.86 e | 86.81 ± 1.19 d | 88.32 ± 0.67 de | 92.05 ± 1.78 e | 63.01 ± 1.10 f | 84.32 ± 1.03 e | 68.26 ± 1.37 e |
culture | |||||||||
E. coli | 4.67 ± 0.22 a | 12.38 ± 0.44a | 16.56 ± 2.91 a | 5.92 ± 0.81 a | 13.37 ± 1.70 a | 14.53 ± 0.36 a | 15.10 ± 0.94 a | 11.07 ± 0.81 a | 14.36 ± 1.07 a |
strain | |||||||||
TISTR 073 |
Reactive Dye | Decolorizing Bacteria | Source of Isolation | Dye Concentration /Decolorization Percentage | Conditions for Decolorization | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C.I. Reactive Black 1 | Mixed bacterial culture | Dye contaminated soils, India | 100 mg/L, | 37 °C, 12 h | [73] |
(Lysinibacillus sp. strains BAB-4931 and BAB-4935, Raoultella sp. strain BAB-4932, Enterococcus sp. strain BAB-4933 and Citrobacter sp. strain BAB-4934) | 65.0% | ||||
Mixed bacterial culture | Mangrove wetland soils, Thailand | 100 mg/L, | pH 8.0, 30 °C, 0.5% (w/v) NaCl, 72 h | This study | |
94.2% | |||||
C.I. Reactive Blue 19 (RBBR) | Bacillus sp. | Mountain soils, Japan | 100 mg/L, | pH 6.0, 30 °C, | [30] |
strain CS-1 | 100.0% | 72 h | |||
Bacillus sp. | Mountain soils, Japan | 100 mg/L, | pH 6.0, 30 °C, | [30] | |
strain CS-2 | 95.0% | 72 h | |||
Lysinibacillus sphaericus strain BR2308 | Coastal wetland soils, Thailand | 100 mg/L, | pH 6.0, 30 °C, | [19] | |
58.1% | 72 h | ||||
L. sphaericus | Wetland and estuary soils, Thailand | 50 mg/L, | pH 6.0, 28 °C, | [14] | |
strain JD1103 | 50.0% | 72 h | |||
Bacillus sp. | Marsh and grassland samples, South Africa | 100 mg/L, | pH 6.0, 25 °C, | [77] | |
strain NWODO-3 | 72.1% | 30 min | |||
Enterobacter sp. | Mangrove wetland soils, Thailand | 100 mg/L, | pH 9.0, 30 °C, 3% (w/v) NaCl, 72 h | This study | |
strain RY11903 | 60.3% | ||||
C.I. Reactive Green 19 | Micrococcus glutamicus strain NCIM-2168 | National Chemical Laboratory, India | 50 mg/L, | pH 8.0, 37 °C, | [78] |
100.0% | 42 h | ||||
Acinetobacter sp. | Activated sludges, Belgium | 100 mg/L, | 30 °C, 72 h | [79] | |
strain ST16.16/164 | 93.4% | ||||
Mixed bacterial culture | Mangrove wetland soils, Thailand | 100 mg/L, | pH 8.0, 30 °C, 0.5% (w/v) NaCl, 72 h | This study | |
92.1% | |||||
C.I. Reactive Red 195 | Georgenia sp. | India | 50 mg/L, | pH 7.0, 40 °C, 5 h | [80] |
strain CC-NMPT-T3 | 95.9% | ||||
Enterococcus faecalis | Dye contaminated soils, India | 50 mg/L, | pH 5.0, 40 °C, | [81] | |
strain YZ66 | 99.5% | 1.5 h | |||
Mixed bacterial culture | Mangrove wetland soils, Thailand | 100 mg/L, | pH 8.0, 30 °C, 0.5% (w/v) NaCl, 72 h | This study | |
84.3% |
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Chantarasiri, A. Klebsiella and Enterobacter Isolated from Mangrove Wetland Soils in Thailand and Their Application in Biological Decolorization of Textile Reactive Dyes. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 7531. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207531
Chantarasiri A. Klebsiella and Enterobacter Isolated from Mangrove Wetland Soils in Thailand and Their Application in Biological Decolorization of Textile Reactive Dyes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(20):7531. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207531
Chicago/Turabian StyleChantarasiri, Aiya. 2020. "Klebsiella and Enterobacter Isolated from Mangrove Wetland Soils in Thailand and Their Application in Biological Decolorization of Textile Reactive Dyes" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20: 7531. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207531