Chronic Effect of Fatmax Training on Body Weight, Fat Mass, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Obese Subjects: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Identification of Manuscripts
2.2. Inclusion Criteria
- Humans randomized clinical trials
- Peer-reviewed articles
- People with BMI ≥ 25 kg∙m2
- Studies where fatmax was used as a training strategy
- Studies where MFO and fatmax were measures by indirect calorimetry
- Studies where BF and CRF were reported as a primary or secondary outcome
2.3. Exclusion Criteria
- Intervention period lower than eight weeks
- Unsupervised exercise sessions during trials
- Papers that did not specify the physical activities on the applied exercise protocol
- Studies where men and women were analyzed as a single group
- Studies performed on individuals with physical disabilities
- Documents written in languages other than English and Spanish
2.4. Data Extracted
2.5. BMI Classification
2.6. Risk of Bias
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of the Search
- Participants were not randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups
- The authors did not specify exercise mode
- The authors grouped men and women into the same groups for statistical analysis
3.2. Risk of Bias
3.3. Subjects Characteristics
3.4. Study Design
3.5. Interventions Characteristics
3.6. Effect of FMT on Body Composition
3.7. Effect of FMT on VO2max
3.8. Publication Bias
4. Discussion
4.1. Effect of FMT on Body Composition
- A high heterogeneity among their studies (I2 = 85%)
- Mixing of randomized and non-randomized trials into the analysis
- Mixing of exercise + hypocaloric diet and only exercise treatments
- They did not evaluate the risk of bias of the studies
- Only one study had a duration > 3 months
4.2. Mechanisms for Body Fat Reduction
4.3. Effect of FMT on Cardiorespiratory Fitness
4.4. Weakness in the Analyzed Studies
4.5. Strengths
4.6. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
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Study | Participants, Age (year) | BMI (kg∙m−2) | Exercise Protocol | ∆ BW (kg) | ∆ FM (kg) | ∆ Vo2max (mL∙kg−1∙min−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ounis et al., (2008)a [22] | 8 boys (13.1 ± 0.1) | 30.2 ± 4.2 | FMT: playground activities; 4 day/week; 90 min/session; 8 weeks | −1.90 ± 15.54 | −1.70 ± 6.76 | NR |
Ounis et al., (2008)b [23] | 6 girls (13.1 ± 0.1) | 30.6 ± 2.3 | FMT: playground activities; 4 day/week; 90 min/session; 8 weeks | −1.40 ± 12.55 | −1.70 ± 4.45 | NR |
Elloumi et al., (2009) [24] | 7 boys (13.1 ± 0.7) | 30.3 ± 3.2 | FMT: playground activities; 4 day/week; 90 min/session; 8 weeks | −1.70 ± 13.46 | −1.50 ± 6.34 | NR |
Tan et al. (2012) [25] | 29 women (20–23) | 27.5 ± 1.9 | FMT: running; 3 day/week; 60 min/session; 8 weeks | −4.00 ± 5.33 * | −4.00 ± 11.19 * | 2.80 ± 2.58 * |
Besnier et al., (2015) [26] | 33 women (30.5 ± 5.9) | 33.3 ± 3.8 | FMT: cycling; 4 day/week; 55 min/session; 20 weeks | −5.00 ± 3.29 * | −4.10 ± 2.88 * | NR |
Tan et al., (2016)a [27] | 15 women (50.7 ± 5.5) | 28.5 ± 2.1 | FMT: running; 5 day/week; 60 min/session; 12 weeks | −3.00 ± 7.03 * | −2.41 ± 3.64 * | 3.50 ± 4.19 * |
Tan et al., (2016)b [28] | 11 boys (9.0 ± 1.0) | 27.1 ± 4.3 | FMT: playground activities; 5 day/week; 60 min/session; 10 weeks | −1.00 ± 15.78 * | −1.20 ± 10.88 * | 2.7 ± 2.25 * |
Tan et al. (2018) [29] | 16 elderly women with T2D (63.0 ± 2.3) | 26.6 ± 3.1 | FMT: running; 3 day/week; 60 min/session; 12 weeks | −2.4 ± 9.47 * | −3.10 ± 4.29 * | NR |
Cao et al. (2019) [30] | 13 women (63.8 ± 5.9) | 28.0 ± 2.9 | FMT: running; 3 day/week; 60 min/session; 12 weeks | −4.60 ± 10.12 * | −2.80 ± 5.78 * | 4.1 ± 5.81 * |
Zeng et al. (2019) [31] | 18 women (21.1 ± 1.6) | 26.6 ± 3.1 | FMT: running; 3 day/week; 45 min/session; 12 weeks | NR | −6.09 ± 2.7 * | NR |
Jiang et al. (2020) [32] | 13 elderly women with T2D a (63.9 ± 6.1) | 26.6 ± 2.2 | FMT: running; 3 day/week; 60 min/session; 16 weeks | −2.10 ± 8.18 * | −2.50 ± 7.29 * | 3.4 ± 5.07 * |
14 elderly men with T2D b (63.9 ± 6.1) | 26.9 ± 2.1 | FMT: running; 3 day/week; 60 min/session; 16 weeks | −3.30 ± 7.84 * | −3.7 ± 4.84 * | 3.2 ± 5.97 * |
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Chávez-Guevara, I.A.; Urquidez-Romero, R.; Pérez-León, J.A.; González-Rodríguez, E.; Moreno-Brito, V.; Ramos-Jiménez, A. Chronic Effect of Fatmax Training on Body Weight, Fat Mass, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Obese Subjects: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 7888. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217888
Chávez-Guevara IA, Urquidez-Romero R, Pérez-León JA, González-Rodríguez E, Moreno-Brito V, Ramos-Jiménez A. Chronic Effect of Fatmax Training on Body Weight, Fat Mass, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Obese Subjects: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(21):7888. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217888
Chicago/Turabian StyleChávez-Guevara, Isaac A., René Urquidez-Romero, Jorge A. Pérez-León, Everardo González-Rodríguez, Verónica Moreno-Brito, and Arnulfo Ramos-Jiménez. 2020. "Chronic Effect of Fatmax Training on Body Weight, Fat Mass, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Obese Subjects: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21: 7888. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217888