Associations between Intensity, Frequency, Duration, and Volume of Physical Activity and the Risk of Stroke in Middle- and Older-Aged Chinese People: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Stroke Measurements
2.3. Assessment of PA
2.4. Assessment of Covariables
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of the Participants
3.2. Frequency of PA and the Risk of Stroke
3.3. Duration of PA and the Risk of Stroke
3.4. Volume of PA and the Risk of Stroke
3.5. Sensitivity Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Variables | Model 4 (n = 5748) | ||
---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | ||
Frequency | |||
VPA | |||
No activity | 1.00 | ||
1–2 d/w | 1.30 | 0.65 | 2.63 |
3–5 d/w | 0.29 * | 0.10 | 0.80 |
6–7 d/w | 0.80 | 0.49 | 1.31 |
MPA | |||
No activity | 1.00 | ||
1–2 d/w | 0.35 * | 0.15 | 0.82 |
3–5 d/w | 0.26 * | 0.12 | 0.57 |
6–7 d/w | 0.43 * | 0.27 | 0.66 |
LPA | |||
No activity | 1.00 | ||
1–2 d/w | 0.92 | 0.33 | 2.55 |
3–5 d/w | 1.00 | 0.52 | 1.92 |
6–7 d/w | 0.94 | 0.59 | 1.49 |
Duration | |||
VPA | |||
No activity | 1.00 | ||
10–29 min/d | 0.88 | 0.21 | 3.81 |
30–119 min/d | 0.57 | 0.20 | 1.57 |
120–239 min/d | 1.03 | 0.54 | 1.94 |
≥240 min/d | 0.66 | 0.39 | 1.11 |
MPA | |||
No activity | 1.00 | ||
10–29 min/d | 0.41 * | 0.19 | 0.88 |
30–119 min/d | 0.31 * | 0.17 | 0.55 |
120–239 min/d | 0.42 * | 0.23 | 0.76 |
≥240 min/d | 0.47 * | 0.26 | 0.85 |
LPA | |||
No activity | 1.00 | ||
10–29 min/d | 0.78 | 0.42 | 1.44 |
30–119 min/d | 1.07 | 0.63 | 1.80 |
120–239 min/d | 0.87 | 0.49 | 1.54 |
≥240 min/d | 0.78 | 0.41 | 1.48 |
Volume | |||
VPA | |||
No activity | 1.00 | ||
10–74 min/w | 2.00 | 0.45 | 8.87 |
75–299 min/w | 0.57 | 0.15 | 2.26 |
≥300 min/w | 0.74 | 0.47 | 1.18 |
MPA | |||
No activity | 1.00 | ||
10–149 min/w | 0.38 * | 0.18 | 0.80 |
150–299 min/w | 0.20 * | 0.05 | 0.88 |
≥300 min/w | 0.40 * | 0.26 | 0.62 |
LPA | |||
No activity | 1.00 | ||
10–149 min/w | 0.78 | 0.42 | 1.43 |
150–299 min/w | 0.74 | 0.20 | 2.79 |
≥300 min/w | 0.98 | 0.62 | 1.55 |
Variables | Model 1 (n = 6250) | E-value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | Point | CI | ||
Frequency | |||||
VPA | |||||
No activity | 1.00 | ||||
1–2 d/w | 0.92 | 0.46 | 1.81 | - | - |
3–5 d/w | 0.32 * | 0.14 | 0.75 | 5.70 | 2.00 |
6–7 d/w | 0.74 | 0.49 | 1.11 | - | - |
MPA | |||||
No activity | 1.00 | ||||
1–2 d/w | 0.35 * | 0.18 | 0.72 | 5.16 | 2.12 |
3–5 d/w | 0.23 * | 0.12 | 0.46 | 8.16 | 3.77 |
6–7 d/w | 0.40 * | 0.27 | 0.58 | 4.44 | 2.84 |
LPA | |||||
No activity | 1.00 | ||||
1–2 d/w | 0.74 | 0.29 | 1.90 | - | - |
3–5 d/w | 0.89 | 0.49 | 1.60 | - | - |
6–7 d/w | 0.92 | 0.61 | 1.39 | - | - |
Duration | |||||
VPA | |||||
No activity | 1.00 | ||||
10–29 min/d | 0.60 | 0.14 | 2.55 | - | - |
30–119 min/d | 0.60 | 0.26 | 1.37 | - | - |
120–239 min/d | 0.82 | 0.46 | 1.45 | - | - |
≥240 min/d | 0.60 * | 0.38 | 0.94 | 2.72 | 1.32 |
MPA | |||||
No activity | 1.00 | ||||
10–29 min/d | 0.31 * | 0.14 | 0.65 | 5.91 | 2.45 |
30–119 min/d | 0.32 * | 0.20 | 0.53 | 5.70 | 3.18 |
120–239 min/d | 0.40 * | 0.24 | 0.67 | 4.44 | 2.35 |
≥240 min/d | 0.40 * | 0.23 | 0.68 | 4.44 | 2.30 |
LPA | |||||
No activity | 1.00 | ||||
10–29 min/d | 0.68 | 0.39 | 1.20 | - | - |
30–119 min/d | 1.05 | 0.66 | 1.66 | - | - |
120–239 min/d | 0.84 | 0.51 | 1.39 | - | - |
≥240 min/d | 0.75 | 0.43 | 1.32 | - | - |
Volume | |||||
VPA | |||||
No activity | 1.00 | ||||
10–74 min/w | 1.30 | 0.30 | 5.58 | - | - |
75–299 min/w | 0.40 | 0.10 | 1.56 | - | - |
≥300 min/w | 0.68 * | 0.46 | 0.99 | 2.30 | 1.11 |
MPA | |||||
No activity | 1.00 | ||||
10–149 min/w | 0.34 * | 0.18 | 0.66 | 5.33 | 2.40 |
150–299 min/w | 0.16 * | 0.04 | 0.69 | 11.98 | 2.26 |
≥300 min/w | 0.38 * | 0.26 | 0.55 | 4.70 | 3.04 |
LPA | |||||
No activity | 1.00 | ||||
10–149 min/w | 0.70 | 0.41 | 1.21 | - | - |
150–299 min/w | 0.54 | 0.15 | 1.99 | - | - |
≥300 min/w | 0.97 | 0.64 | 1.45 | - | - |
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Variables | Total (n = 6250) | Non-Stroke (n = 6022) | Stroke (n = 228) |
---|---|---|---|
Age, year (mean ± SD) | 61.0 ± 9.2 | 60.9 ± 9.2 | 63.9 ± 9.4 |
BMI, kg/m2 (mean ± SD) | 23.9 ± 3.9 | 23.9 ± 3.9 | 24.1 ± 3.8 |
Sex (%) | |||
Male | 47.0 | 46.6 | 57.9 |
Female | 53.0 | 53.4 | 42.1 |
Educational status (%) | |||
Junior high school or below | 88.9 | 88.9 | 91.2 |
Senior high school or vocational school | 10.6 | 10.7 | 7.9 |
College or above | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.9 |
Marital status (%) | |||
Married or partnered | 87.5 | 87.7 | 80.7 |
Separated, divorced, or widowed | 12.1 | 11.8 | 18.4 |
Never married | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.9 |
Drinking (%) | |||
Never | 54.5 | 54.7 | 50.9 |
Former | 11.0 | 10.7 | 20.6 |
Current | 34.5 | 34.7 | 28.5 |
Smoking (%) | |||
Never | 56.1 | 56.6 | 45.2 |
Former | 15.9 | 15.5 | 26.3 |
Current | 28.0 | 28.0 | 28.5 |
Variables | Model 1 (n = 6250) | Model 2 (n = 2936) | Model 3 (n = 3314) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | ||||
Frequency | |||||||||
VPA | |||||||||
No activity | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
1–2 d/w | 0.92 | 0.46 | 1.81 | 0.68 | 0.29 | 1.6 | 1.56 | 0.54 | 4.54 |
3–5 d/w | 0.32 * | 0.14 | 0.75 | 0.43 | 0.18 | 1.05 | N/A | ||
6–7 d/w | 0.74 | 0.49 | 1.11 | 0.61 | 0.36 | 1.02 | 1.06 | 0.59 | 1.90 |
MPA | |||||||||
No activity | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
1–2 d/w | 0.35 * | 0.18 | 0.72 | 0.26 * | 0.09 | 0.78 | 0.53 | 0.21 | 1.32 |
3–5 d/w | 0.23 * | 0.12 | 0.46 | 0.28 * | 0.12 | 0.63 | 0.14 * | 0.04 | 0.46 |
6–7 d/w | 0.40 * | 0.27 | 0.58 | 0.34 * | 0.20 | 0.60 | 0.46 * | 0.28 | 0.78 |
LPA | |||||||||
No activity | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
1–2 d/w | 0.74 | 0.29 | 1.90 | 0.49 | 0.10 | 2.45 | 1.30 | 0.44 | 3.81 |
3–5 d/w | 0.89 | 0.49 | 1.60 | 0.89 | 0.43 | 1.84 | 0.76 | 0.27 | 2.18 |
6–7 d/w | 0.92 | 0.61 | 1.39 | 0.79 | 0.45 | 1.38 | 1.13 | 0.63 | 2.03 |
Duration | |||||||||
VPA | |||||||||
No activity | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
10–29 min/d | 0.60 | 0.14 | 2.55 | 0.82 | 0.18 | 3.64 | N/A | ||
30–119 min/d | 0.60 | 0.26 | 1.37 | 0.46 | 0.18 | 1.21 | 1.06 | 0.26 | 4.26 |
120–239 min/d | 0.82 | 0.46 | 1.45 | 0.71 | 0.34 | 1.51 | 1.05 | 0.46 | 2.4 |
≥240 min/d | 0.60 * | 0.38 | 0.94 | 0.53 * | 0.30 | 0.93 | 0.80 | 0.40 | 1.57 |
MPA | |||||||||
No activity | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
10–29 min/d | 0.31 * | 0.14 | 0.65 | 0.35 | 0.12 | 1.03 | 0.27 * | 0.10 | 0.75 |
30–119 min/d | 0.32 * | 0.20 | 0.53 | 0.27 * | 0.13 | 0.56 | 0.38 * | 0.19 | 0.75 |
120–239 min/d | 0.40 * | 0.24 | 0.67 | 0.35 * | 0.17 | 0.72 | 0.49 * | 0.25 | 0.99 |
≥240 min/d | 0.40 * | 0.23 | 0.68 | 0.34 * | 0.17 | 0.68 | 0.51 | 0.23 | 1.15 |
LPA | |||||||||
No activity | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
10–29 min/d | 0.68 | 0.39 | 1.20 | 0.50 | 0.23 | 1.07 | 1.03 | 0.45 | 2.34 |
30–119 min/d | 1.05 | 0.66 | 1.66 | 0.92 | 0.49 | 1.75 | 1.25 | 0.68 | 2.31 |
120–239 min/d | 0.84 | 0.51 | 1.39 | 0.78 | 0.41 | 1.50 | 0.91 | 0.42 | 1.95 |
≥240 min/d | 0.75 | 0.43 | 1.32 | 0.61 | 0.29 | 1.26 | 1.02 | 0.42 | 2.44 |
Volume | |||||||||
VPA | |||||||||
No activity | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
10–74 min/w | 1.30 | 0.30 | 5.58 | 1.86 | 0.40 | 8.62 | N/A | ||
75–299 min/w | 0.40 | 0.10 | 1.56 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 1.08 | 1.34 | 0.26 | 6.95 |
≥300 min/w | 0.68 * | 0.46 | 0.99 | 0.61 * | 0.38 | 0.99 | 0.84 | 0.49 | 1.44 |
MPA | |||||||||
No activity | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
10–149 min/w | 0.34 * | 0.18 | 0.66 | 0.34 * | 0.12 | 0.92 | 0.35 * | 0.15 | 0.84 |
150–299 min/w | 0.16 * | 0.04 | 0.69 | 0.26 | 0.06 | 1.17 | N/A | ||
≥300 min/w | 0.38 * | 0.26 | 0.55 | 0.32 * | 0.19 | 0.54 | 0.47 * | 0.29 | 0.78 |
LPA | |||||||||
No activity | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
<150 min/w | 0.70 | 0.41 | 1.21 | 0.47 | 0.22 | 1.01 | 1.15 | 0.53 | 2.50 |
150–299 min/w | 0.54 | 0.15 | 1.99 | 0.63 | 0.13 | 3.15 | 0.37 | 0.05 | 2.85 |
≥300 min/w | 0.97 | 0.64 | 1.45 | 0.86 | 0.50 | 1.48 | 1.13 | 0.63 | 2.03 |
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Yang, D.; Bian, Y.; Zeng, Z.; Cui, Y.; Wang, Y.; Yu, C. Associations between Intensity, Frequency, Duration, and Volume of Physical Activity and the Risk of Stroke in Middle- and Older-Aged Chinese People: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 8628. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228628
Yang D, Bian Y, Zeng Z, Cui Y, Wang Y, Yu C. Associations between Intensity, Frequency, Duration, and Volume of Physical Activity and the Risk of Stroke in Middle- and Older-Aged Chinese People: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(22):8628. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228628
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Donghui, Yuqian Bian, Zixin Zeng, Yiran Cui, Yafeng Wang, and Chuanhua Yu. 2020. "Associations between Intensity, Frequency, Duration, and Volume of Physical Activity and the Risk of Stroke in Middle- and Older-Aged Chinese People: A Cross-Sectional Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22: 8628. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228628