Understanding the Associations between Smoking-Related Risk Perception, Interest in Quitting Smoking, and Interest in Lung Cancer Screening among Homeless Adult Smokers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Procedures
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Participant Characteristics
2.2.2. Smoking-Related Risk Perception
2.2.3. Interest in Quitting Smoking
2.2.4. Interest in Lung Cancer Screening
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sociodemographic Variables | Interest in Quitting Smoking | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | No | Yes | p-Value | |
310 | 106 (34.19%) | 204 (65.81%) | ||
N (%)/M [SD] a | ||||
Age | 43.17 [11.69] | 41.03 [13.03] | 44.28 [10.80] | 0.0287 |
Sex | 0.1111 | |||
Female | 85 (27.42) | 35 (33.02) | 50 (24.51) | |
Male | 225 (72.58) | 71 (66.98) | 154 (75.49) | |
Race | 0.0102 | |||
White | 94 (30.32) | 42 (39.62) | 52 (25.49) | |
Minority | 216 (69.68) | 64 (60.38) | 152 (74.51) | |
Last month’s income | 0.6978 | |||
$0 | 128 (44.14) | 49 (47.12) | 79 (42.47) | |
$1–$500 | 88 (30.34) | 31 (29.81) | 57 (30.65) | |
>$500 | 74 (25.52) | 24 (23.08) | 50 (26.88) | |
Employment status | 0.0465 | |||
At least part-time employed | 32 (10.32) | 16 (15.09) | 16 (7.84) | |
Unemployed | 278 (89.68) | 90 (84.91) | 188 (92.16) | |
Education (in years) | 11.82 [1.58] | 11.88 [1.57] | 11.79 [1.58] | 0.6385 |
Education level | 0.2908 | |||
GED/high school diploma or less | 225 (72.58) | 73 (68.87) | 152 (74.51) | |
Some college/technical school or more | 85 (27.42) | 33 (31.13) | 52 (25.49) | |
Health insurance | 0.3111 | |||
Any type health insurance | 78 (25.16) | 23 (21.70) | 55 (26.96) | |
No health insurance | 232 (74.84) | 83 (78.3) | 149 (73.04) | |
Lifetime homelessness (in months) | 39.34 [50.23] | 36.81 [35.59] | 40.69 [56.57] | 0.4648 |
Data collection wave | 0.9392 | |||
Wave 1 | 191 (61.61) | 65 (61.32) | 126 (61.76) | |
Wave 2 | 119 (38.39) | 41 (38.68) | 78 (38.24) | |
Smoking-Related Variables | N (%)/M [SD] a | |||
Smoking rate (avg. cigarettes per day) | 12.02 [7.17] | 12.98 [6.90] | 11.56 [7.27] | 0.1144 |
Years of smoking over the lifetime | 19.14 [11.90] | 19.75 [12.36] | 18.84 [11.69] | 0.5436 |
Average pack-years ╪ | 12.03 [11.50] | 13.49 [12.23] | 11.35 [11.11] | 0.1386 |
How soon after waking do you smoke your first cigarette? | 0.7638 | |||
Within 5 min | 104 (35.49) | 35 (36.46) | 69 (35.03) | |
5–30 min | 98 (33.45) | 35 (36.46) | 63 (31.98) | |
31–60 min | 39 (13.31) | 11 (11.46) | 28 (14.21) | |
After 60 min | 52 (17.75) | 15 (15.63) | 37 (18.78) | |
Smoking-related risk perception (range: 0–10) | 6.70 [3.17] | 6.22 [3.22] | 6.93 [3.13] | 0.072 |
Interest in lung cancer screening | 0.0416 | |||
Strongly disagree | 26 (8.39) | 10 (9.43) | 16 (7.84) | |
Disagree | 20 (6.45) | 10 (9.43) | 10 (7.90) | |
Neither agree or disagree | 32 (10.32) | 15 (14.15) | 17 (8.33) | |
Agree | 151 (48.71) | 53 (50.00) | 98 (48.04) | |
Strongly agree | 81 (26.13) | 18 (16.98) | 63 (30.88) |
Variables in Analysis | Odds Ratio | 95% CI a | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 0.981 | (0.962, 1.000) | 0.051 |
Sex (Ref: female) | 1.448 | (0.884, 2.373) | 0.142 |
Race (Ref: minority) | 1.256 | (0.757, 2.085) | 0.377 |
Education (in years) | 1.166 | (1.012, 1.343) | 0.033 |
Data collection wave (Ref: wave 1) | 1.117 | (0.698, 1.786) | 0.645 |
Smoking rate (average cigarettes smoked per day) | 0.980 | (0.949, 1.012) | 0.211 |
Smoking-related risk perception | 1.043 | (0.927, 1.174) | 0.480 |
Interest in quitting smoking (Ref: no) | 1.968 | (1.213, 3.191) | 0.006 |
Smoking-related risk perception * Interest in quitting smoking | 1.062 | (0.918, 1.228) | 0.418 |
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Agrawal, P.; Taing, M.; Chen, T.-A.; Reuven, S.M.; Businelle, M.S.; Kendzor, D.E.; Bernicker, E.H.; Reitzel, L.R. Understanding the Associations between Smoking-Related Risk Perception, Interest in Quitting Smoking, and Interest in Lung Cancer Screening among Homeless Adult Smokers. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 8817. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238817
Agrawal P, Taing M, Chen T-A, Reuven SM, Businelle MS, Kendzor DE, Bernicker EH, Reitzel LR. Understanding the Associations between Smoking-Related Risk Perception, Interest in Quitting Smoking, and Interest in Lung Cancer Screening among Homeless Adult Smokers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(23):8817. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238817
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgrawal, Pooja, Matthew Taing, Tzu-An Chen, Sean M. Reuven, Michael S. Businelle, Darla E. Kendzor, Eric H. Bernicker, and Lorraine R. Reitzel. 2020. "Understanding the Associations between Smoking-Related Risk Perception, Interest in Quitting Smoking, and Interest in Lung Cancer Screening among Homeless Adult Smokers" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23: 8817. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238817