Gas Phase Toluene Adsorption Using Date Palm-Tree Branches Based Activated Carbon
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation Procedure for Activated Carbon
2.3. Toluene Gas Treatment
2.4. Analytical Methods
2.5. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Modeling
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Activated Carbon (AC) Characterization
3.2. Effect of Operational Parameters on Toluene Gas Adsorption
3.3. RSM Modeling
3.3.1. Toluene Gas Adsorption Breakthrough Time and Exhaustion Time Models
3.3.2. Effect of Factors on Toluene Gas Adsorption Breakthrough and Exhaustion Times
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Factors | Level −1 | Level 0 | Level 1 |
---|---|---|---|
A = Toluene Gas Flow Rate (slpm) | 2 | 2.5 | 3 |
B = AC Bed Depth (cm) | 4 | 5 | 6 |
C = Toluene Gas Concentration (ppmv) | 10 | 15 | 20 |
Exp No. | Factor A: Influent Toluene Gas Flow Rate (slpm) | Factor B: GAC Bed Depth (cm) | Factor C: Influent Toluene Gas Concentration (ppmv) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 5 | 15 |
2 | 3 | 6 | 20 |
3 | 2 | 4 | 10 |
4 | 2.5 | 4 | 15 |
5 | 2.5 | 6 | 15 |
6 | 2 | 4 | 20 |
7 | 3 | 4 | 10 |
8 | 2 | 6 | 10 |
9 | 2.5 | 5 | 20 |
10 | 2 | 6 | 20 |
11 | 3 | 4 | 20 |
12 | 2.5 | 5 | 10 |
13 | 2.5 | 5 | 15 |
14 | 3 | 6 | 10 |
15 | 3 | 5 | 15 |
Property | Value |
---|---|
SSABET | 800.87 m2/g |
t-Plot Micropore Area | 335.25 m2/g |
t-Plot External Surface Area | 465.62 m2/g |
t-Plot Micropore Volume | 0.150 cm3/g |
Total Pore Volume | 0.437 cm3/g |
Average Pore Width (4 V/A by BET) | 30.32 Å |
Parameter Changed | Change in Parameter | Change in Breakthrough Time Observed | Change in Exhaustion Time Observed | Reason |
---|---|---|---|---|
Influent Gas Concentration | Increased 10 to 20 ppmv | Decreased | Decreased | Fixed adsorption sites on the GAC surface |
Flow Rate | Increased 2 to 3 slpm | Decreased | Decreased | Faster consumption of adsorption sites at higher flow rates |
Column Depth | Increased 4 to 6 cm | Increased | Increased | Availability of more adsorbent based surface complexation sites |
Source | p-Value | Significance |
---|---|---|
Model | <0.0001 | Significant |
A: Toluene Gas Flow Rate (slpm) | 0.0006 | Significant |
B: Activated Carbon Column Depth (cm) | 0.0003 | Significant |
C: Toluene Gas Concentration (ppmv) | <0.0001 | Significant |
Source | p-Value | Significance |
---|---|---|
Model | <0.0001 | significant |
A: Toluene Gas Flow Rate (slpm) | <0.0001 | significant |
B: Activated Carbon Column Depth (cm) | 0.0004 | significant |
C: Toluene Gas Concentration (ppmv) | <0.0001 | significant |
Statistical Parameter | Response | |
---|---|---|
Breakthrough Time | Exhaustion Time | |
R2 | 0.8840 | 0.9346 |
Adjusted R2 | 0.8524 | 0.9168 |
Predicted R2 | 0.7982 | 0.8845 |
Adequate Precision | 19.3374 | 25.5566 |
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Vohra, M.; Al-Suwaiyan, M.; Hussaini, M. Gas Phase Toluene Adsorption Using Date Palm-Tree Branches Based Activated Carbon. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 9287. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249287
Vohra M, Al-Suwaiyan M, Hussaini M. Gas Phase Toluene Adsorption Using Date Palm-Tree Branches Based Activated Carbon. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(24):9287. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249287
Chicago/Turabian StyleVohra, Muhammad, Mohammad Al-Suwaiyan, and Minaam Hussaini. 2020. "Gas Phase Toluene Adsorption Using Date Palm-Tree Branches Based Activated Carbon" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24: 9287. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249287