The Association of Knowledge, Attitudes and Access with Park Use before and after a Park-Prescription Intervention for Low-Income Families in the U.S.
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Outcomes
2.2. Predictors
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Findings
3.2. How Were Baseline Demographics, Knowledge, Attitudes and Barriers Associated with Park Use at Baseline?
3.3. How Are Demographics, Knowledge, Attitudes and Barriers to Access Associated with Park Use as They Changed over Time after a Park Prescription?
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Total (n = 78) | (%) a | No Park Visits in Prior Week (n = 29) | Any Park Visits in Prior Week (n = 49) | p-Value c | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | (%) b | n | (%) b | ||||
Demographics | |||||||
Child’s age (y), median (IQR) | 8 (4, 15) | 29 | 8.6 (3.1) | 49 | 8.9 (3.1) | 0.7487 | |
Female child | 38 | (49) | 13 | (34) | 25 | (66) | 0.60 d |
Caregiver’s age, mean (SD) | 73 | 38.5 (11) | 26 | 36.8 (11) | 47 | 39 (11) | 0.35 d |
Female caregiver | 68 | (87) | 25 | (37) | 43 | (63) | 0.55 |
Race/ethnicity of caregiver | 0.03 * | ||||||
African American | 52 | (67) | 20 | (39) | 32 | (62) | |
Non-Latino White | 8 | (10) | 0 | (0) | 8 | (100) | |
Latino | 12 | (15) | 5 | (42) | 7 | (58) | |
Other f | 5 | (6) | 4 | (80) | 1 | (20) | |
Born in the US | 64 | (83) | 26 | (41) | 38 | (59) | 0.085 |
% of the federal poverty level | 0.07 | ||||||
<100% | 11 | (14) | 5 | (46) | 6 | (55) | |
100–199 | 42 | (54) | 18 | (43) | 24 | (57) | |
200–399 | 12 | (15) | 4 | (33) | 8 | (67) | |
400% or more | 9 | (12) | 0 | (0) | 9 | (100) | |
Knowledge | |||||||
I know park locations | 41 | (53) | 9 | (22) | 32 | (78) | 0.01 * |
Attitudes | |||||||
Nature affinity, median (IQR) | 4.1 | (3.5, 4.7) | 3.8 | (3.4, 4.2) | 4.1 | (3.9, 4.3) | 0.18 e |
I value visiting parks | 63 | (81) | 19 | (30) | 44 | (70) | 0.007 * |
Barriers to Access | |||||||
There is a park in my neighborhood | 55 | (71) | 18 | (33) | 37 | (67) | 0.225 |
I have access to nature in daily life | 53 | (68) | 19 | (36) | 34 | (64) | 0.715 |
I feel welcome in parks | 65 | (83) | 25 | (39) | 40 | (62) | 0.88 |
I feel safe in parks (one missing) | 59 | (76) | 20 | (34) | 39 | (66) | 0.44 |
I have money to visit parks | 37 | (47) | 12 | (32) | 25 | (68) | 0.45 |
I have transportation to visit parks | 51 | (65) | 19 | (37) | 32 | (63) | 1.00 |
I have time to visit parks | 43 | (55) | 12 | (28) | 31 | (72) | 0.09 |
My neighborhood is safe for my child to play outside | 39 | (50) | 9 | (23) | 30 | (77) | 0.01 * |
Behaviors | |||||||
I spend a lot of time in nature now | 17 | (22) | 0 | (0) | 17 | (100) | <0.001 |
I spent a lot of time in nature as a child | 51 | (65) | 18 | (35) | 33 | (65) | 0.87 |
Characteristic | Univariate Analysis | Multivariable Analysis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coeff | 95% CI | p-Value | Coeff | 95% CI | p-Value | |
Change in knowledge and attitudes | ||||||
Park in neighborhood | 0.26 | (0.03, 0.50) | 0.03 | |||
Access to nature | 0.47 | (0.24, 0.71) | <0.001 | |||
Value visiting parks | 0.53 | (0.22, 0.84) | 0.001 | |||
Feel welcome in parks | 0.49 | (0.15, 0.82) | 0.005 | |||
Feel safe in parks | 0.54 | (0.30, 0.78) | <0.001 | |||
Know park locations | 0.53 | (0.30, 0.76) | <0.001 | 0.27 | (0.05, 0.50) | 0.016 |
Have transportation to parks | 0.33 | (0.08, 0.58) | 0.01 | |||
Have time to visit parks | 0.67 | (0.43, 0.90) | <0.001 | 0.48 | (0.28, 0.69) | <0.001 |
Have money to visit parks | 0.43 | (0.19, 0.66) | <0.001 | 0.24 | (0.05, 0.42) | 0.013 |
Change in nature affinity | 0.65 | (0.35, 0.94) | <0.001 | 0.34 | (0.09, 0.59) | 0.007 |
Change in neighborhood safety | 0.35 | (0.02, 0.70) | 0.049 |
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Razani, N.; Hills, N.K.; Thompson, D.; Rutherford, G.W. The Association of Knowledge, Attitudes and Access with Park Use before and after a Park-Prescription Intervention for Low-Income Families in the U.S. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 701. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030701
Razani N, Hills NK, Thompson D, Rutherford GW. The Association of Knowledge, Attitudes and Access with Park Use before and after a Park-Prescription Intervention for Low-Income Families in the U.S. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(3):701. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030701
Chicago/Turabian StyleRazani, Nooshin, Nancy K. Hills, Doug Thompson, and George W. Rutherford. 2020. "The Association of Knowledge, Attitudes and Access with Park Use before and after a Park-Prescription Intervention for Low-Income Families in the U.S." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3: 701. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030701
APA StyleRazani, N., Hills, N. K., Thompson, D., & Rutherford, G. W. (2020). The Association of Knowledge, Attitudes and Access with Park Use before and after a Park-Prescription Intervention for Low-Income Families in the U.S. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(3), 701. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030701