Effect of Frequency of Exercise on Cognitive Function in Older Adults: Serial Mediation of Depression and Quality of Sleep
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Physical Activity as a Positive Lifestyle for Cognitive Function
1.2. Mental Health and Sleep Quality as Mediators
1.3. A Mutual Relationship between Depression and Sleep Quality
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Instruments
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive
3.2. Serial Multiple Mediational Analyses
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Availability of Data and Materials
References
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Variable | Mean | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Frequency of Exercise | 2.19 | 1.82 | NA | |||
2. Quality of Sleep | 2.39 | 1.05 | 0.08*** | NA | ||
3. Depression | 1.87 | 2.22 | −0.16*** | −0.21*** | NA | |
4. Cognitive Function | 21.61 | 4.92 | 0.20*** | 0.08*** | −0.21*** | NA |
Bootstrapping | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Effect | Product of Coefficients | 95% BCa Confidence Interval | ||
Point Estimate | SE | Lower | Upper | |
Total Indirect Effect | 0.1784 | 0.0543 | 0.1038 | 0.3158 |
FOE→DEP→CF | 0.1762 | 0.0531 | 0.1034 | 0.3143 |
FOE→DEP→QOS→CF | 0.0009 | 0.0055 | −0.0097 | 0.0122 |
FOE→QOS→CF | 0.0013 | 0.0084 | −0.0125 | 0.0232 |
Bootstrapping | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Effect | Product of Coefficients | 95% BCa Confidence Interval | ||
Point Estimate | SE | Lower | Upper | |
Total Indirect Effect | 0.0428 | 0.0091 | 0.0265 | 0.0621 |
FOE→QOS→CF | 0.0005 | 0.0030 | -0.0053 | 0.0070 |
FOE→QOS→DEP→CF | 0.0036 | 0.0014 | 0.0014 | 0.0069 |
FOE→DEP→CF | 0.0387 | 0.0085 | 0.0235 | 0.0567 |
Specific Indirect Effect Contrast Definitions | ||||
Path 1/Path 2 | −0.0350 | 0.0082 | −0.0525 | −0.0205 |
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Yuan, M.; Fu, H.; Liu, R.; Fang, Y. Effect of Frequency of Exercise on Cognitive Function in Older Adults: Serial Mediation of Depression and Quality of Sleep. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 709. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030709
Yuan M, Fu H, Liu R, Fang Y. Effect of Frequency of Exercise on Cognitive Function in Older Adults: Serial Mediation of Depression and Quality of Sleep. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(3):709. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030709
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuan, Manqiong, Hanhan Fu, Ruoyun Liu, and Ya Fang. 2020. "Effect of Frequency of Exercise on Cognitive Function in Older Adults: Serial Mediation of Depression and Quality of Sleep" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3: 709. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030709
APA StyleYuan, M., Fu, H., Liu, R., & Fang, Y. (2020). Effect of Frequency of Exercise on Cognitive Function in Older Adults: Serial Mediation of Depression and Quality of Sleep. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(3), 709. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030709