School Ethos and Recurring Sickness Absence: A Multilevel Study of Ninth-Grade Students in Stockholm
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Material
2.2. Ethics
2.3. Measures
2.3.1. Dependent Variable
2.3.2. Independent Variable
2.3.3. Control Variables (Student-Level)
2.3.4. Control Variables (School-Level)
2.4. Statistical Method
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Student Level | n | % | |
---|---|---|---|
Recurring sickness absence | 905 | 9.5 | |
Gender | |||
Boy | 4757 | 50.2 | |
Girl | 4725 | 48.8 | |
Family structure | |||
Two parents in the same household | 6234 | 65.8 | |
Other | 3248 | 34.2 | |
Parental university education | |||
No parent/information missing | 3981 | 42.0 | |
At least one parent | 5501 | 58.0 | |
Parental unemployment | |||
No parent | 8944 | 94.3 | |
At least one parent | 538 | 5.7 | |
Migration background | |||
≥10 years in Sweden | 8648 | 91.2 | |
<10 years in Sweden | 834 | 8.8 | |
School Level | n | % | |
School segregation profile | |||
Privileged | 1718 | 18.1 | |
Typical | 5308 | 56.0 | |
Deprived | 1085 | 11.4 | |
Deprived immigrant | 1371 | 14.5 | |
School type | |||
Public | 8020 | 84.6 | |
Independent | 1462 | 15.4 | |
Mean | S.d. | Range | |
School ethos | 46.54 | 4.20 | 30.00–57.00 |
Weak (n = 3166) | 42.10 | 3.25 | 30.00–45.31 |
Intermediate (n = 3199) | 46.76 | 0.83 | 45.33–48.38 |
Strong (n = 3117) | 50.81 | 1.94 | 48.43–57.00 |
n | % | χ2 | |
---|---|---|---|
School ethos | |||
Weak | 357 | 11.3 | |
Intermediate | 310 | 9.7 | |
Strong | 238 | 7.6 | 24.23 *** |
Empty Model | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | ||
Student Level | |||||||
Gender | |||||||
Boy (ref.) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | |
Girl | 1.69 *** | 1.46–1.94 | 1.70 *** | 1.47–1.96 | 1.70 *** | 1.48–1.96 | |
Family structure | |||||||
Two parents in the same household (ref.) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | |
Other | 1.62 *** | 1.40–1.87 | 1.60*** | 1.38–1.84 | 1.59 *** | 1.38–1.84 | |
Parental university education | |||||||
No parent (ref.) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | |
At least one parent | 0.69 *** | 0.60–0.80 | 0.72 *** | 0.62–0.84 | 0.73 *** | 0.63–0.84 | |
Parental unemployment | |||||||
No parent/information missing (ref.) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | |
At least one parent | 1.67 *** | 1.31–2.14 | 1.69 *** | 1.33–2.17 | 1.69 *** | 1.32–2.16 | |
Migration background | |||||||
≥10 years in Sweden (ref.) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | |
<10 years in Sweden | 1.16 | 0.93–1.46 | 1.17 | 0.93–1.48 | 1.17 | 0.93–1.48 | |
School level | |||||||
School segregation profile | |||||||
Privileged (ref.) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | |||
Typical | 1.48 ** | 1.18–1.87 | 1.36 * | 1.07–1.73 | |||
Deprived | 1.92 *** | 1.44–2.56 | 1.69 ** | 1.25–2.28 | |||
Deprived immigrant | 1.29 | 0.96–1.72 | 1.13 | 0.83–1.54 | |||
School type | |||||||
Public (ref.) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | |||
Independent | 1.03 | 0.84–1.26 | 1.06 | 0.87–1.30 | |||
School ethos | |||||||
Weak (ref.) | 1.00 | – | |||||
Intermediate | 0.91 | 0.77–1.09 | |||||
Strong | 0.79 * | 0.65–0.97 | |||||
ICC | 2.3% | 1.3% | 0.4% | 0.1% |
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Brolin Låftman, S.; Ramberg, J.; Modin, B. School Ethos and Recurring Sickness Absence: A Multilevel Study of Ninth-Grade Students in Stockholm. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 745. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030745
Brolin Låftman S, Ramberg J, Modin B. School Ethos and Recurring Sickness Absence: A Multilevel Study of Ninth-Grade Students in Stockholm. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(3):745. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030745
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrolin Låftman, Sara, Joacim Ramberg, and Bitte Modin. 2020. "School Ethos and Recurring Sickness Absence: A Multilevel Study of Ninth-Grade Students in Stockholm" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3: 745. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030745