Community Compositions of Phytoplankton and Eukaryotes during the Mixing Periods of a Drinking Water Reservoir: Dynamics and Interactions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experiments
2.1. Study Sites and Sampling
2.2. Measurement of Water-Quality Parameters
2.3. Phytoplankton Identification and Counting
2.4. Water Microbial DNA Extraction
2.5. Illumina MiSeq Sequencing and Sequence Analysis
2.6. Nucleotide-Sequence Accession Numbers
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Variation of Water Quality Parameters
3.2. Shifts in Algal Cell Concentration and Chlorophyll a
3.3. Phytoplankton Dynamics and Community Structure
3.4. Microbial Eukaryotic Community Composition
3.5. Relationships between Phytoplankton and Eukaryotic Communities Explored by the Network Approach
3.6. Effect of the Environmental Factors on Communities
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Month | Depth (m) | T (°C) | DO (mg/L) | Turbidity (NTU) | Conductivity (S/cm) | pH | DOC (mg/L) | TN (mg/L) | NO3−N (mg/L) | NH4+-N (mg/L) | TP (mg/L) | Fe (mg/L) | Mn (mg/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
October | 0 | 17.11 ± 0.10 | 8.57 ± 0.10 | 0.23 ± 0.06 | 142.67 ± 2.52 | 7.69 ± 0.02 | 2.09 ± 0.09 | 1.33 ± 0.04 | 0.90 ± 0.02 | 0.09 ± 0.03 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.013 ± 0.00 | 0.005 ± 0.00 |
2 | 16.93 ± 0.21 | 8.49 ± 0.11 | 0.47 ± 0.07 | 142.67 ± 2.52 | 7.67 ± 0.03 | 1.92 ± 0.07 | 1.27 ± 0.01 | 0.88 ± 0.01 | 0.09 ± 0.02 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.014 ± 0.00 | 0.003 ± 0.00 | |
5 | 16.78 ± 0.24 | 8.42 ± 0.18 | 0.70 ± 0.00 | 142.33 ± 2.08 | 7.65 ± 0.04 | 2.20 ± 0.30 | 1.36 ± 0.03 | 0.88 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.02 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.013 ± 0.00 | 0.004 ± 0.00 | |
10 | 16.78 ± 0.26 | 8.42 ± 0.21 | 1.03 ± 0.00 | 142.33 ± 2.08 | 7.63 ± 0.04 | 1.98 ± 1.33 | 1.39 ± 0.09 | 0.89 ± 0.00 | 0.10 ± 0.02 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.012 ± 0.00 | 0.004 ± 0.00 | |
November | 0 | 14.44 ± 0.07 | 8.06 ± 0.18 | 0.62 ± 0.00 | 146.33 ± 0.58 | 7.55 ± 0.05 | 2.99 ± 0.20 | 1.18 ± 0.09 | 0.88 ± 0.02 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.008 ± 0.00 | 0.008 ± 0.00 |
2 | 14.45 ± 0.06 | 8.05 ± 0.22 | 0.80 ± 0.06 | 146.00 ± 1.00 | 7.61 ± 0.04 | 2.69 ± 0.50 | 1.13 ± 0.03 | 0.87 ± 0.01 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.008 ± 0.00 | 0.008 ± 0.00 | |
5 | 14.45 ± 0.06 | 8.03 ± 0.25 | 1.13 ± 0.07 | 146.33 ± 0.58 | 7.60 ± 0.03 | 3.30 ± 0.14 | 1.18 ± 0.01 | 0.87 ± 0.00 | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.009 ± 0.00 | 0.010 ± 0.00 | |
10 | 14.46 ± 0.07 | 8.01 ± 0.22 | 1.57 ± 0.14 | 146.00 ± 1.00 | 7.57 ± 0.02 | 3.28 ± 0.11 | 1.20 ± 0.06 | 0.90 ± 0.03 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.013 ± 0.00 | 0.010 ± 0.00 | |
December | 0 | 11.07 ± 0.20 | 8.99 ± 0.61 | 0.17 ± 0.12 | 157.33 ± 4.16 | 7.72 ± 0.05 | 3.06 ± 0.39 | 1.21 ± 0.10 | 0.94 ± 0.06 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.038 ± 0.00 | 0.016 ± 0.00 |
2 | 11.02 ± 0.16 | 9.09 ± 0.53 | 0.53 ± 0.07 | 155.33 ± 1.15 | 7.73 ± 0.08 | 3.01 ± 0.30 | 1.14 ± 0.03 | 0.86 ± 0.01 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.036 ± 0.00 | 0.022 ± 0.00 | |
5 | 11.01 ± 0.16 | 9.30 ± 0.73 | 1.00 ± 0.07 | 155.33 ± 1.15 | 7.69 ± 0.07 | 2.96 ± 0.21 | 1.17 ± 0.03 | 0.86 ± 0.00 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.034 ± 0.00 | 0.023 ± 0.00 | |
10 | 11.00 ± 0.16 | 9.03 ± 0.94 | 1.57 ± 0.06 | 156.33 ± 2.08 | 7.70 ± 0.05 | 2.71 ± 0.41 | 1.14 ± 0.00 | 0.86 ± 0.01 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.032 ± 0.00 | 0.024 ± 0.00 | |
Two-way ANOVA | Month | *** | *** | NS | *** | ** | *** | *** | * | *** | *** | *** | *** |
Depth | NS | NS | * | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
Month × Depth | NS | *** | NS | ** | NS | NS | NS | * | NS | NS | NS | NS |
Parameters | October | November | December |
---|---|---|---|
Average degree | 0.824 | 0.778 | 0.875 |
Average weighted degree | 0.805 | 0.758 | 0.843 |
Network diameter | 3 | 2 | 3 |
Graph density | 0.051 | 0.046 | 0.058 |
Modularity | 0.73 | 0.796 | 0.597 |
Connected components | 6 | 6 | 5 |
Average clustering coefficient | 0.118 | 0.167 | 0.062 |
Average path length | 1.435 | 1.222 | 1.5 |
Nodes | 17 | 18 | 16 |
Edges | 15 | 15 | 14 |
Month | Water Depth (m) | Reads Number | OTUs | 0.97 Level | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chao1 | Shannon Diversity (H’) | Simpson Diversity (D) | Coverage (%) | ||||
October | 0 | 48,084 | 365 | 425 (398, 497) | 2.92 (2.9, 2.94) | 0.215 (0.211, 0.219) | 99 |
2 | 48,874 | 218 | 228 (221, 254) | 2.38 (2.36, 2.4) | 0.311 (0.306, 0.315) | 99 | |
5 | 58,482 | 256 | 267 (259, 291) | 3.26 (3.24, 3.28) | 0.165 (0.163, 0.168) | 99 | |
10 | 48,125 | 222 | 236 (225, 278) | 3.15 (3.13, 3.17) | 0.181 (0.178, 0.185) | 99 | |
November | 0 | 36,313 | 132 | 143 (135, 176) | 2.12 (2.1, 2.15) | 0.381 (0.375, 0.387) | 99 |
2 | 44,037 | 304 | 308 (305, 322) | 4.3 (4.29, 4.31) | 0.026 (0.025, 0.026) | 99 | |
5 | 31,597 | 415 | 476 (450, 523) | 4.18 (4.16, 4.2) | 0.034 (0.033, 0.035) | 99 | |
10 | 47,074 | 378 | 406 (392, 435) | 3.37 (3.35, 3.39) | 0.151 (0.147, 0.154) | 99 | |
December | 0 | 30,176 | 169 | 184 (174, 218) | 3.8 (3.79, 3.82) | 0.052 (0.050, 0.053) | 99 |
2 | 33,106 | 393 | 444 (421, 487) | 4.17 (4.16, 4.19) | 0.033 (0.032, 0.034) | 99 | |
5 | 34,724 | 365 | 429 (401, 478) | 3.58 (3.56, 3.6) | 0.098 (0.096, 0.100) | 99 | |
10 | 43,256 | 393 | 443 (421, 484) | 3.98 (3.97, 4) | 0.047 (0.046, 0.048) | 99 |
Parameters | October | November | December |
---|---|---|---|
Average degree | 2.194 | 2 | 3.138 |
Average weighted degree | 2.115 | 1.928 | 2.99 |
Network diameter | 14 | 6 | 12 |
Graph density | 0.033 | 0.028 | 0.049 |
Modularity | 0.743 | 0.789 | 0.584 |
Connected components | 7 | 6 | 2 |
Average clustering coefficient | 0.224 | 0.284 | 0.11 |
Average path length | 3.777 | 2.228 | 4.881 |
Nodes | 67 | 72 | 65 |
Edges | 147 | 144 | 204 |
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Yan, M.; Chen, S.; Huang, T.; Li, B.; Li, N.; Liu, K.; Zong, R.; Miao, Y.; Huang, X. Community Compositions of Phytoplankton and Eukaryotes during the Mixing Periods of a Drinking Water Reservoir: Dynamics and Interactions. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 1128. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041128
Yan M, Chen S, Huang T, Li B, Li N, Liu K, Zong R, Miao Y, Huang X. Community Compositions of Phytoplankton and Eukaryotes during the Mixing Periods of a Drinking Water Reservoir: Dynamics and Interactions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(4):1128. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041128
Chicago/Turabian StyleYan, Miaomiao, Shengnan Chen, Tinglin Huang, Baoqin Li, Nan Li, Kaiwen Liu, Rongrong Zong, Yutian Miao, and Xin Huang. 2020. "Community Compositions of Phytoplankton and Eukaryotes during the Mixing Periods of a Drinking Water Reservoir: Dynamics and Interactions" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4: 1128. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041128