Preparation, Performances, and Mechanisms of Microbial Flocculants for Wastewater Treatment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Preparation of Microbial Flocculants
2.1. Effect of pH Value on Production of Microbial Flocculants
2.2. Effect of Temperature on Production of Microbial Flocculants
2.3. Effect of the Dosage of Microbial Flocculants
2.4. Effect of Type and Concentration of Metal Ions
3. Performances of Microbial Flocculants in Treatment of Various Wastewater
3.1. Coal Slurry
3.2. Food Industry Wastewater
3.3. Heavy Metal Wastewater Treatment
3.4. Papermaking Wastewater Treatment
3.5. Textile Wastewater Treatment
3.6. Printing and Dyeing Wastewater Treatment
4. Mechanisms of Bioflocculation
4.1. Adsorption Bridging
4.2. Charge Neutrality
4.3. Chemical Reactions
4.4. Volume Sweeping
5. Prospects of Microbial Flocculants
5.1. Applications of Cheap Culture Media
5.2. Production of Composite Bioflocculants
5.3. Understanding of Bioflocculation Mechanisms
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type | Main Ingredients | Advantages | Disadvantages | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Inorganic flocculants | Aluminum salt polymers and iron salt polymers | Low-cost Easy to get | High pollution Difficult to degrade | [7,9] |
Organic polymer flocculants | Polyacrylamide and their derivatives | Less dosage Fast flocculation Easy to separate | Difficult to degrade Easy to cause two pollution | [12,14] |
Microbial flocculants | Microbes and their metabolites | Effective Low-cost Security extensive source | Slow effect Environmental susceptibility | [15,16] |
Wastewater Type | Contaminant Category | Flocculating Microorganisms | References |
---|---|---|---|
Coal slurry wastewater | Coal waste slurry | Azotobacter chroococcum | [44] |
Coal slurry | Rhodopseudomonas spheroides | [45] | |
Coal-water slurry | Nitrogen-fixing bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis Escherichia coli White rot fungi Yeast Aspergillus niger | [46] | |
Fine coal | Bacillus subtilis | [47] | |
Food wastewater | Bioethanol mill wastewater | White-rot fungus Trametes versicolor INACC F200 | [48] |
Suspended solids Metal ions | Bacillus subtilis R 23 B. lichenifomis ATCC 9945A B. lichenifomis CCRC 12826 B. licheniformis CICC10099 | [49] | |
Poultry slaughterhouse wastewater | Comamonas sp. | [50] | |
Starch wastewater | Bacillus mucilaginosus MBFA9 | [51] | |
Starch wastewater | Bacillus licheniformis X14 | [52] | |
dairy wastewater Fe Al Mn Zn COD | Terrabacter sp. | [53] | |
Municipal wastewater | Harmful algae | Klebsiella pneumoniae strain NY1 | [54] |
Landfill leachates | Humic acids | Rhizomonas sp. | [29] |
Heavy metal wastewater | Cu(II) | Ultrasonic assisted Spirulina platensis | [55] |
Cu(II) | Sulphuric acid modified Spirulina platensis | [56] | |
Pb(II) | Paenibacillus sp. strain A9 | [57] | |
Pb(II) | P. polymyxa CCTCC M206017 | [58] | |
Pb(II) Zn(II) | Paenibacillus sp. strain A9 (MBFA9) | [59] | |
Ni(II) | Paenibacillus polymyxa GA1 | [60] | |
Cr(II) Ni(II) | Herbaspirillium sp. CH7 Paenibacillus sp. CH11 Bacillus sp. CH15 Halomonas sp. | [61] | |
Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd | Paenibacillus polymyxa | [62] | |
Fe (III) Cd(II) | Aspergillus niger | [63] | |
Minerals | Rhodococcus opacus | [64] | |
Papermaking wastewater | CODCr content absorbance | Aspergillus niger | [65] |
Detergents cellulose | Bacillus subtilis Rhodococcus Bacteroides succinicum White rot fungus bacterial | [66] | |
COD Colority | PSBF | [67] | |
Textile wastewater | Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II) | Bacillus sp. Pseudomonas sp. | [68] |
Biavin medium blue dye Cr(II) Ni(II) | Herbaspirillium sp. CH7 Paenibacillus sp. CH11 Bacillus sp. CH15 Halomonas sp. | [61] | |
Anthraquinone based Reactive Blue 19 | Enterobacter sp. F NCIM 5545 | [69] | |
Acid and reactive dyes | Pleurotus osstreatus Aspergillus niger Penicillium spp. | [70] | |
Printing and dyeing wastewater | Congo red (CR) | Klebsiella peneumoniae | [71] |
Methylene blue | Paenibacillus polymyxa GA1 | [72] |
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Li, H.; Wu, S.; Du, C.; Zhong, Y.; Yang, C. Preparation, Performances, and Mechanisms of Microbial Flocculants for Wastewater Treatment. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 1360. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041360
Li H, Wu S, Du C, Zhong Y, Yang C. Preparation, Performances, and Mechanisms of Microbial Flocculants for Wastewater Treatment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(4):1360. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041360
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Huiru, Shaohua Wu, Cheng Du, Yuanyuan Zhong, and Chunping Yang. 2020. "Preparation, Performances, and Mechanisms of Microbial Flocculants for Wastewater Treatment" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4: 1360. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041360