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Article

Environmental Factors and Kawasaki Disease Onset in Emilia-Romagna, Italy

by
Elena Corinaldesi
1,*,
Valentina Pavan
2,
Laura Andreozzi
3,
Marianna Fabi
3,
Andrea Selvini
2,
Ilaria Frabboni
3,
Paolo Lanzoni
1,
Tiziana Paccagnella
2 and
Marcello Lanari
3
1
Pediatric Department, Ramazzini Hospital, Carpi, 41012 Modena, Italy
2
Arpae-SIMC, Hydro-Meteo-Climate Service of the Regional Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy (ARPAE), 40122 Bologna, Italy
3
Pediatric Emergency Unit, Medical and Surgical Sciences Departement, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(5), 1529; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051529
Submission received: 24 January 2020 / Revised: 22 February 2020 / Accepted: 24 February 2020 / Published: 27 February 2020
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Abstract

Kawasaki disease (KD)is an idiopathic acute febrile illness that primarily occurs in children <5 years of age and can lead to artery lesions if not promptly treated. Recent studies have shown possible correlations between KD onset and currents and air pollutants.The present study describes results on the correlation between environmental conditions, frequency, and variability ofKD onset in children under five years of age in Emilia-Romagna, a region of Northern Italy, over the period from 2000 to 2017. Since there are substantial climatic differences between the western-central (Emilia) and the eastern area (Romagna) of the region, the data for these areas are analyzed separately. The environmental factors considered are observed local surface daily temperature, daily precipitation, upper air wind regimes, and local air pollution. The results indicate that in Emilia-Romagna, KD onset occurs mainly during late autumn and early spring, which is in agreement with the literature. The frequency of KD onset in Emilia is significantly higher in months characterized by a high frequency of southerly flow, which is associated with milder than average night-time temperature, and in years with a prevailing south-westerly mean flow. These results are consistent with other studies, suggesting that certain wind conditions are more favorable for disease onset, which are possibly associated with one or more airborne agents.
Keywords: Kawasaki disease; environmental factors; air quality; meteorological parameter Kawasaki disease; environmental factors; air quality; meteorological parameter

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MDPI and ACS Style

Corinaldesi, E.; Pavan, V.; Andreozzi, L.; Fabi, M.; Selvini, A.; Frabboni, I.; Lanzoni, P.; Paccagnella, T.; Lanari, M. Environmental Factors and Kawasaki Disease Onset in Emilia-Romagna, Italy. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 1529. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051529

AMA Style

Corinaldesi E, Pavan V, Andreozzi L, Fabi M, Selvini A, Frabboni I, Lanzoni P, Paccagnella T, Lanari M. Environmental Factors and Kawasaki Disease Onset in Emilia-Romagna, Italy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(5):1529. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051529

Chicago/Turabian Style

Corinaldesi, Elena, Valentina Pavan, Laura Andreozzi, Marianna Fabi, Andrea Selvini, Ilaria Frabboni, Paolo Lanzoni, Tiziana Paccagnella, and Marcello Lanari. 2020. "Environmental Factors and Kawasaki Disease Onset in Emilia-Romagna, Italy" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5: 1529. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051529

APA Style

Corinaldesi, E., Pavan, V., Andreozzi, L., Fabi, M., Selvini, A., Frabboni, I., Lanzoni, P., Paccagnella, T., & Lanari, M. (2020). Environmental Factors and Kawasaki Disease Onset in Emilia-Romagna, Italy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5), 1529. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051529

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