Understanding the Sociocognitive Process of Construction Workers’ Unsafe Behaviors: An Agent-Based Modeling Approach
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Sociocognitive Process of Construction Workers
2.1.1. Individual Cognitive Process of Construction Workers
2.1.2. Social Group and Social Organizational Factors
2.2. Agent-Based Modeling
3. Methodology
3.1. Framework
3.2. Defining the Agent’s Types and Relationships
3.3. Worker’s Individual Cognitive Model
3.3.1. Stage of Obtaining Information
3.3.2. Stage of Understanding Information
3.3.3. Stage of Responding and Taking Action
3.4. Model of Coworker, Foreman, and Manager Interaction
3.4.1. Interaction Model in the Stages of Obtaining Information and Understanding Information
3.4.2. Interaction Model in the Stage of Responding and Taking Action
Foreman Norm
Coworker Norm
Manager Norm
3.5. Model Initialization
3.5.1. Simulation Process
3.5.2. Initializing Parameters
3.6. Model Validation
4. Result
4.1. Manager, Foreman, and Coworker Interaction Influence Baseline Model
4.2. Not Considering the Single Social Norm or Foreman’s Demonstration Role
4.3. Causes of Cognitive Failure of Construction Workers
4.4. Analysis of Single Social Organizational Factors Influence
4.5. Analysis of Paired Social Organizational Influence
5. Discussion
5.1. Implications of Social Group on Workers’ Unsafe Behavior
5.2. Sociocognitive Causes of Unsafe Behavior of Construction Workers
5.3. Effects of Social Identity on Safety Behavior
5.4. Effects of Safety Meeting and Safety Communication on Safety Behavior
5.5. Effects of Behavior Feedback on Safety Behavior
5.6. The Practical Significance of the Model
5.7. Limitation and Future Work
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Time | 280 |
Number of working groups | 5 |
Number of workers per working group | 20 |
Actual risk | Triangular (0.1,0.5,0.9) |
Workers’ initial attitude | U(0.4,0.9) |
Workers’ initial risk understanding coefficient | U(0.6,1.2) |
Workers’ initial safety awareness | 0.8 |
Workers’ initial safety knowledge | 0.8 |
Workers’ social identity | 0.5 |
Weight of coworker norm | 0.2 |
Weight of foreman norm | 0.45 |
Weight of manager norm | 0.35 |
The frequency at which the foreman gives workers positive feedback | 0.1 |
The frequency at which the foreman gives workers negative feedback | 0.6 |
The frequency at which the manager gives workers positive feedback | 0.1 |
The frequency at which the manager gives workers negative feedback | 0.6 |
The frequency of manager safety training | 0.5 |
Frequency of communication between workers and coworkers | 0.3 |
Frequency of communication between workers and foreman | 0.3 |
The improvement in worker safety knowledge by manager safety training | 0.1 |
The effect of manager safety training on workers’ safety awareness | 0.2 |
The effect of communicating with coworkers to improve workers’ safety awareness | 0.01 |
The effect of communicating with foreman to improve workers’ safety awareness | 0.2 |
Influencing factors | Statistics | Safety Awareness | Safety Knowledge |
---|---|---|---|
Safety Communication | Pearson correlation | 0.705 ** | 0.690 ** |
Significant (bilateral) | 0.000 | 0.000 | |
N | 280 | 280 | |
Safety Training | Pearson correlation | 0.735 ** | 0.743 ** |
Significant (bilateral) | 0.000 | 0.000 | |
N | 280 | 280 |
Items | Simulation Results | Empirical Data |
---|---|---|
Ratio of unsafe behavior | 0.326 | 1/3 [11,79] |
Ratio of near misses and accident | 9.47:1 | 300:30 [39] |
Rate of accident | 3.35 | 3.2 [80] |
Types | Unsafe Behavior Ratio | Accident Rate | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Value | Increased from Baseline Model | Value | Increased from Baseline Model | |
Excluding manager norm | 0.346 | 6.13% | 3.46% | 3.28% |
Excluding coworker norm | 0.329 | 0.92% | 3.36% | 0.30% |
Excluding foreman norm | 0.370 | 13.50% | 3.81% | 12.07% |
Excluding demonstration role of foreman | 0.344 | 6.13% | 3.41% | 1.79% |
Baseline Model | 0.326 | 3.35% |
Parameter | Case 1 | Case 2 | Case 3 | Case 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
AR | 0.480 | 0.439 | 0.439 | 0.439 |
PR | 0 | 0.522 | 0.453 | 0.595 |
UR | 0 | 0.343 | 0.573 | 0.478 |
RA | 0.716 | 0.475 | 0.629 | 0.403 |
UB | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
AT | 0.931 | 0.656 | 0.844 | 0.578 |
WN | 0.596 | 0.471 | 0.457 | 0.305 |
FN | 0.676 | 0.258 | 0.342 | 0.237 |
MN | 0.228 | 0.239 | 0.486 | 0.150 |
ST | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
FCN | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
KL | 0.832 | 0.841 | 1.107 | 1.134 |
SA | 0.832 | 0.841 | 1.007 | 1.034 |
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Ye, G.; Yue, H.; Yang, J.; Li, H.; Xiang, Q.; Fu, Y.; Cui, C. Understanding the Sociocognitive Process of Construction Workers’ Unsafe Behaviors: An Agent-Based Modeling Approach. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 1588. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051588
Ye G, Yue H, Yang J, Li H, Xiang Q, Fu Y, Cui C. Understanding the Sociocognitive Process of Construction Workers’ Unsafe Behaviors: An Agent-Based Modeling Approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(5):1588. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051588
Chicago/Turabian StyleYe, Gui, Hongzhe Yue, Jingjing Yang, Hongyang Li, Qingting Xiang, Yuan Fu, and Can Cui. 2020. "Understanding the Sociocognitive Process of Construction Workers’ Unsafe Behaviors: An Agent-Based Modeling Approach" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5: 1588. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051588